The knightly family von Essen in the service of Russia. Stammtafel.

Evgeny Bozhko.

 

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Esen (V. Essen) is a surname belonging to several German-Swedish noble families. Is this kind of the Dutch province of Geldern from Westphalia, where the ancestors of Assenov, Gingely (Dungeln) and Aickelin (Eckeln) in the XVI century moved to the Baltic region by acquiring noble estates in Courland, Livonia and on Saaremaa island. In Swedish service Esseni received the count's dignity. At the end of XVII and beginning of XVIII centuries representatives of Essen family lived in Brandenburg, and at the end of that century were considered among the noble names of Western Prussia and Pomerania.

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Background Essen old Baltic-German knights, appeared in the Baltic States with Crusades of German knights. Over the last 250 years, this family has given 18 generals and one famous Admiral of the Baltic fleet.
The founder is considered to be the Teutonic knight Friedrich von Essen, married to Elizabeth von Buren. His great-grandson Thomas von Essen (? - until 1617), married to Anna Nirat owned estates in the area of Autzen and carried the noble equestrian service in 1605.
His son is Alexander von Essen (?- after 1643), married to Baroness Unger, major General in Swedish service, on 18 September 1643 received an "upgrade" of noble dignity from Queen Christina. It is known that in 1655 he went with the Embassy to the Moscow Tsar Ivan iy.
Great-grandchildren Alexander von Essen — Klaus Gustav (1720 - 1777) Reinhold William (1722 - 1788) founded the Estonian line Pedes and Cividep-Parmel.
Line Pedes:

Magnus Gustav von Essen (Ivan Nikolaevich)

(19.09.1758 – 08.07.1813) Lieutenant General (1799), Riga military Governor.
Awards — Russian order of St.Alexander Nevsky, St. Anna 1-th St. diamond St.George 4th CL., SV.Vladimir 2-nd St., ne.John Of Jerusalem. Other: English sword with diamonds.

 

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The portrait of this man is decorated with one of the most luxurious halls of the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg. Magnus Gustav von Essen was born 19 Oct 1758 in manor Pedes (today Calvi) in Estonia. At the age of 13 years old Ivan entered the Life guards Izmailovsky regiment of the ordinary. January 1, 1775, Ivan was transferred as a Lieutenant in Naseberry musketeer regiment of the ensigns of the guard. Essen participated in battles 1783-1785 in Poland with confederates. In the battle of biała, Ivan was wounded in his right side and leg, that in 1786 he was forced to retire with the rank of Prime major. However, after two years back again in operation, and was enrolled in the Narva musketeer regiment. In 1788-1790 he participated in the Swedish war, and in 1792 and in 1794 he fought with the poles.
On September 15, 1794, Essen was promoted to Colonel for bravery in combat under the Mare. For bravery in the battle of Maciejowice Ivan Nikolaevich was awarded the order of St. George 4-th degree. In 1797 he was appointed chief of the Chernihiv musketeer regiment, along with this he complains of the rank of major General. Essen participated in the Dutch expedition, where for the shown courage and heroism he received the title of Lieutenant-General. In 1802 he was appointed Governor of Smolensk, but in 1803 Essen was transferred as Governor to Kamenets-Podolsky. In 1806 Ivan Nikolaevich was entrusted with command of the corps, which is located near the Dniester.
In the beginning of the Turkish war, he besieged the fortress Hosting, which long held siege, and on 16 November 1806 the Turks it passed. Participated in the war with Napoleon in 1807, in part entrusted to him by the corps fought under Ostrolenka and Mazowieckie, under Fridlandom was seriously wounded in the chest and after being injured for a very long time was treated. After recovery in the spring of 1809 Ivan N. von Essen took command of the reserve corps of the Moldovan army. In September of the same year, he was appointed as the military Governor of Riga and head of the civil part of the provinces of Estland, Livonia and Courland.
In 1812, with the approach of the French and Prussian troops to Riga, the Riga fortress was brought into a defensive state. After the failure of Russian troops in July, under the gross-Ekau rejected the ultimatum, the Prussian commanders on the surrender of Riga, but hastened to give the order to burn Moscow, Mitavskiy and Zadvinsky suburbs.
Closer to fall, the course of the war changed. The stretched position of the Prussian corps, passivity MacDonald, the success of Polotsk Wittgenstein, the beginning of a General retreat of Napoleon, and also the arrival in Riga of the housing Steingel all circumstances prompted Essen to the beginning of the offensive, however, due to poor management, Russian troops suffered heavy losses in several battles.
M. Kutuzov was not interested in the Riga direction of the theater of military operations. General von Essen, filed a petition of resignation due to illness. During the course of treatment not far from Riga, on Bardonski sulphur waters Ivan Nikolaevich Essen drowned. There is a theory that it was probably a suicide. Ivan N. von Essen died on 8 July 1813.
The only daughter and heir of Elizabeth von Essen (1797-1821), from 1817 was married to Baron mi Palen.
Dictionary of Russian generals, combatants against the army of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1812-1815 // Russian archive : Coll. — M. Studio "trite" N. Mikhalkov, 1996. - Vol. VII. — S. 630-631.
The Baltic States in the Patriotic war of 1812. PT "Tabinfo" / Estonian branch of the Union of writers of Russia. Tallinn, 2001. C. 544-546.
The nephew of Magnus Gustav von Essen — Alexander Ferdinand von Essen (November 11, 1799, the manor Pedes in Estland lips. - September 26, 1889, revel), major General, owned estates in Weissenstein Weichmuth. and Kickel at Wesenberg's. Estland lips. and estate Gushchino in Zubtsovskiy. Tver lips.

His grandson:

Eduard von Essen.

 

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Eduard von Essen (January 14, 1879, Kharkov — April 23, 1931, Leningrad), painter and politician, a member of the RSDLP (1898), studied in St. Petersburg Academy of arts from 1903 led the party work in many cities of Russia, in the years of 1st world war 1914-18 conducted revolutionary propaganda among the soldiers of the Northern front, in 1917 in Petrograd, a member of the first legal Vasileostrovskaya of the revolutionary Committee of the RSDLP(b) and Chairman of the Board, Deputy people's Commissar of state control (1917-18), 1918-24 on the political and educational work in the red army, the rector of the Academy of arts (1925-29), 1929 - personal retired;
- Tsgia SPb F. 14 Op.3 D. 51083

Alexander von Essen (Alexander Magnus)

(June 26, 1880, Kharkiv-September 18, 1930, Moscow), engineer, politician, studied at the Institute of railway engineers (1898-1904), from 1899 participated in the student movement; member of RSDRP (1902), Ekaterinoslav (1903), St. Petersburg (1903-05), Odessa (1904), Moscow (1904 and 1906) committees of RSDRP, as well as Tiflis group of social Democrats-internationalists (1918-20), which joined in 1920. RCP (b). Until 1925 he worked in Georgia. In 1925-29, the Deputy Chairman of Gosplan of the RSFSR, Chairman of the Technical and economic Council of the people's Commissariat (1929-30).
Andrew Emmanuel von Essen, Advisor to the Riga magistrate; son of the pastor, born in Riga in 1757 was Educated in göttingen, then undertook a trip to Germany, France and England, and on his return took a place in the office of the Riga city hall, where he was subsequently adviser. Von Essen died on August 19, 1815.
Of the printed works of Andrew E. von Essen in the German language known: two grave words spoken on the death of his daughter, Anna Dorothea von Essen (1812), and his brother, Paul (1813), and two of the speech: "Rede über die sich immer mehr entdeckende Natur" (G. von Schlegel Redehandlung 1773) and "Die Herrschaft in den Händen eines Tyranen eines Regenten und guten" (ibid., 1774).
— Recke und Napiersky, "Allgemeines he is - und Gelehrten-Lexikon", Mitau, 1827, vol. I, pp. 526, 527. — "Rigasche Stadtblätter", 1815, p. 289, 290.
Christopher von Essen, General-Lieutenant; born in 1717 Service E. began 13 years (1 January 1730) soldier Arkhangelsk infantry regiment, where after two years was re conducted in the cadet corps, which he graduated in 1737 with the rank of ensign. In 1748 He was promoted to Lieutenant, in 1750 he was granted captains, and in 1755 he was appointed chief quartermaster. In 1758 He took part in the Seven-year war, commanding the Siberian and Narva regiments. As part of the detachment of General Rezanov, who was on the lower Vistula, and being thus in the first line, these forces put an immediate objective the capture of Kolberg to consolidate the Russian position in Pomerania. When, after long delay, in October, 1758, it was decided to storm the colberg forces of General Palmerah, count Fermor, using an eight-day postponement of the assault, made by order of Palmerah, sent to him for help E. with the team. But the case was lost, and the siege of the fortress had to be removed due to the onset of count Dohna, who came to the aid of the garrison of Kolberg. Removing the siege, General, Palmerah moved to Stoilov, where he joined the brigade In 1759 E. E. was in Poznan, in the observational case Golitsyn, and in the same year was made major General and appointed chief of infantry regiment. At the end of the Seven-year war (1763) E. was promoted to Lieutenant General and in this rank participated in the Dniester and Khotyn campaigns. In August 1763, taking the place of Repnin, who was fired for illness abroad, E. approached Jorge, but the battle has completely failed, and all the officers were killed or wounded, the lower ranks dropped to 2 thousand. After incredible efforts, he finally managed to break the tenacity of the enemy. Von Essen also participated in three Swedish campaigns, and in the battle of Villmanstrand he was severely wounded in the left leg. Lieutenant-General in the army from March 3, 1763 To 1771, Essen, while the first army, submitted the official report about dismissal due to his morbid state of health; his request was granted, and on 5 April 1771 he received a sabbatical year.
The form of Christopher von Essen in 1765 Moscow, Lefortovsky archive, inventory 214, kN. 70. — "List of military generals from the time of Emperor Peter I to Catherine II", 1809, p. 81, 99, 118. — S. M. Soloviev, "History of Russia", vol. VI. - Maslovsky, "Russian army in the seven-Year war", Moscow, 1888, vol. II, pp. 210, 217, 319, 422.
Hans Henrik (Hans Heinrich) von Essen.
(Swedish Reichs and field Marshal, Governor-General of Norway, later Governor of Scania, erected in the count's dignity of the Swedish Kingdom), Hans Henrik von Essen (Sweden. Hans Henric von Essen; 26 September 1755 — 28 June 1824) — count, Swedish field Marshal, Governor of Norway.
Came from a Livonian noble family, part of which is in the beginning of the eighteenth century resettled in Sweden. He was born 26 Sep 1755 in castle Cavese under Tidaholm. He studied at the Uppsala and göttingen universities.

 

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In 1777 he entered military service in the Swedish army, and accompanied the king Gustav III during his trip to Italy, France and Germany. As a Royal adjutant, took part in the war against Russia and promoted to Colonel was appointed commander of the guard and militia of Gothenburg.
On 16 March 1792, Essen was near the king when he was fatally wounded at a ball in Stockholm.
In 1795 Essen accompanied the Duke Sodermanlands (later king Karl XIII) and the young king Gustav IV Adolf in Saint Petersburg, on his return until the year 1797 was Governor of Stockholm.
In 1800 he was appointed Governor-General of Swedish possessions in Pomerania.
In the campaign of 1807 for two months defended Stralsund against the French; after several battles had concluded an armistice with Marshal Brune.
On the abdication of Gustav IV Adolf of Essen took place in the Council of state, and was then sent a messenger to Paris, where in January 1810, signed a peace Treaty between France and Sweden. On 29 April of the same year, Essen was elevated to count's dignity. In 1810, the same year he was promoted to Marshal of Sweden, and in 1811 — a field Marshal.
In 1813, Essen headed the Swedish expedition corps and occupied Norway; after the unification of the countries from 1814 to 1816, he served as Governor of Norway (stattholder); then he was appointed Chancellor of the University of Christiania and field Marshal of the Norwegian troops.
In 1817, Essen was appointed Governor of scone and this ended his active political activity. Hans Henrik von Essen died on 28 June 1824 in Uddevalla.
- Encyclopedia of military and marine Sciences. Under. by G. A. Leer. Vol. VIII. SPb., 1889
- Biography of von Essen on the website of the Norwegian government.
On line Cividep-Armel:
Reinhold Wilhelm von Essen (Reinhold Wilhelm von Essen)
a. Kiwidepäh (Kiideva), Ridala, Läänemaa, Estland (3 September 1722, the manor Pedes — 6 Jan 1788, revel), is the founder of Haus Kiwidepäh-Parmel (dynastic house Cividep-Parmele, part of the Estonian lines). (Owned estates and Cividep Gallic in Viscom district Revel lips).
Reinhold Wilhelm von Essen is the founder of Haus Kiwidepäh-Parmel (dynastic house Cividep-Parmele, part of the Estonian lines). Like most background Assenov, Reinhold Wilhelm service began in the life guards Horse regiment (formed mostly of ostseite). Already in 1742, after participating in a campaign against the Swedes on the day of the coronation of Empress Elizabeth was granted in the cornets. In 1751 was appointed Lieutenant. But the service in the privileged cavalry regiment had in addition to the advantages disadvantages. Here every day was conducted exhausting horse-riding lessons are also regularly conducted field exercise, not to mention the exercise "the bridge" galloping "Boobs and stuffed".

 

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With his noble way of thinking and other personal merits Reinhold Wilhelm von Essen managed to acquire the love of his colleagues. At the beginning of 1776, after the death of benckendorf, he was offered a place revel chief-commandant, which he occupied until his death, which followed January 6, 1788.
Volkov S. V. the Generals of the Russian Empire. Encyclopedic dictionary of generals and admirals from Peter I to Nicholas II. Volume II. L-Ya. M., 2009
Full list of the regimental commanders and officers of the life guards cavalry regiment from 1731 to 1886. SPb., 1886
Russian biographical dictionary: The 25 t / under the supervision of A. A. Polovtsev. 1896-1918.
Stepanov V. S., G. P. I. To commemorate the centenary of the Imperial Military order of St. great Martyr and Pobedonostsa George. (1769-1869). SPb., 1869
Grandchildren of Reinhold Wilhelm von Essen:
Heinrich Magnus Wilhelm (27 September 1796, Cape Mall in Wesenberg County). Estland lips. — September 26, 1869, the castle Borgholm), privy councillor (from 1 Jan. 1859), Chamberlain (1 July 1846), Estland, ritterschaften (1845?47), civil Governor of Livonia lips. (1847-62); married to Elena Eliza Francisca Vilboa, a noblewoman, 1805-1892.  Died September 26, 1869 — castle Borgholm, Wesenbergii County, Estonia.
ingold (13 March 1798, Cape Mall — April 14, 1863, Derpt), Lieutenant General (1844) , participated in the suppression of the Decembrist uprising in 1825 (awarded the Highest gratitude) and the Polish uprising in 1831, the commander of the life guards Grodno hussar regiment (1835-36), commander (from 1837 — commander) of the 2nd brigade of the 2nd light cavalry division (1836-37), the commander of the life guards regiment (1837-44), commander of the 1st brigade of the guards cavalry division (1844), head of the 2nd cuirassier division (1844-47) and the guards cuirassier division (1847), owned estates of Alt-Parmely and Her-Parmel and Putz in Gapsal'skaya. Estland lips. the estates Maxhop, Custer and Heidehof in Dorpat. Livonia lips. A. A. von Essen was married to Sophia Maria, nee Cosens (July 21, 1810, the estate of the Volyn province). -4 June 1884, the estate Maxhop).
Their child:
Alexander Otto Magnus von Essen (13 may 1829, St. Petersburg-30 December 1888, ibid.), Lieutenant General.
Nicholas (Nikolaus) von Essen. (May 28, 1839, St. Petersburg — November 7, 1900, the manor of Custer at Yuri. Livonia lips.), graduated from the page corps to be entered in the Honorary book (1857), was assessor of Margarita in Weisen-starscom and Wesenbergh counties, owned estates Maxhop, Custer and Heidehof, carried out the reclamation, was engaged in forest plantations, participated in agricultural exhibitions, from 1881, a correspondent of the Main Department for state horse breeding Livonia lips. from 1895 — a member of the ROS. Council on agriculture.
Otto Peter von Essen. (12 September 1843 — 21 Mar 1909, Breslau, Silesia, Germany), actual state Councilor (2 APR. 1906), Chamberlain (6 Dec. 1903), grew. Consul General in Breslau (from 26 Nov. 1904), the owner of estates Maxhop, Custer and Heidehof.
Otto Wilhelm (Otto Wilhelm) von Essen
— the great-grandson of the founder of the line of Reinhold Wilhelm von Essen — (27 January 1828, the manor ASIC in Eisensteinian. Estland lips. -16 Feb 1876, St. Petersburg, Russia), (state Secretary of HIH, privy councillor (1869), Senator, Deputy Minister of justice of the Russian Empire). ) \ * 8 April 1761 -+. 28 may 1834\
Awards: order of the White eagle, St. Equal post. kN. Vladimir 2-nd St., ne. Anna 1-th St, ne. Stanislaus 1-th St, a Bronze medal on St. Andrew ribbon in memory of war 1853-1856 .

 

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He was born 1828 in the estate of ASIC Eisensteins County of the Estonian province. Upon reaching adulthood was enrolled in the Imperial school of law — alma mater a number of prominent jurists of the Russian Empire. Upon completion in 1849, of the course of studies at the school of jurisprudence under the first category Otto Wilhelm von Essen had joined the service in the Senate, where he received the Junior of the assistant Secretary in the Department of heraldry, but for a short time had to leave the Senate to head the civil Department of the Ministry of Justice. In 1851 O. V. von Essen was assigned to the audit of Kherson province, and in 1856 he corrected the post of chief Secretary first in the third and then in the fourth Department of the Senate. At the reckoning in 1857 to the Department of the Ministry of Justice was entrusted to him in 1858 to manage the third Department of the Ministry. In September 1862, when he was Royally approved "Basic Regulations" of the judiciary reform, Otto Wilhelm took an active part in the work of the Commission together with the best legal forces. In the fall of 1867, O. V. von Essen was appointed Director of the Department of the Ministry of Justice. In the early sixties, he corrected the post of chief Prosecutor of the Senate, first the third, and then the first Department. The difficult task fell to Otto Wilhelm to be the chief Prosecutor with the introduction of Zemstvo institutions and new legal regulations, met in many cases opposition from the local administration and to excite different ideas. With the introduction of provincial regulations O. V. von Essen first sent this case is reasonable and correct. Under him, the Senate was the first defender of Zemstvo in cases where his rights were violated. Full firm faith in justice and favor of new beginnings, he vigorously defended them, and, thanks to his eloquent and clear reports, the Senate was often the defender of Zemstvo's interests. With the same unwavering firmness he stood and beginning of the legal regulations allowing for frequent changes in them, but never agreed to change that could distort their essence. In 1872, the Highest order of the Ministry of justice Ov von Essen was appointed fellow Minister of justice, leaving the rank of Senator. Zemstvo leaders considered for themselves a great loss of this appointment. In 1874, he was honored to receive monarch's gratitude for the excellent performance of the temporary duties of the Minister of justice. For this the reward is great and hard service he was awarded the order of the White eagle.
On April 17, 1875 Otto Vasilyevich, as it was customary to call him in the Ministry, "by the Highest decree given to the ruling Senate, was granted to the state Secretaries of his Imperial Majesty with dismissal in the post and the rank of Senator". O. V. von Essen took an active part in many commissions established under the Ministry; for example, he participated in the Commission for the consideration of the draft regulations on spiritual wills in 1860, and in 1874. — the Commission to consider the method of separation of members of the judicial seats across departments, judicial chambers and offices of district courts, etc. According to the memoirs of contemporaries, O. V., von Essen always had the reputation of being eminently good, full of intrigue, quiet and modest person. It was impossible not to see a vigorous fighter for the right cause, and in the ranks of his enemies, he never was. It is less other judiciary officials were inclined to change judicial reform or to retreat on the practice, launched the "legal regulations".
Otto Wilhelm von Essen died on 16 February 1876 and was buried in St. Petersburg in the cemetery of the Novodevichy convent. Prominent Russian lawyer AF Coney wrote in his memoirs: "The whole day I spent in extreme distress and the idea to resign seduced me more than once. But that would have been achieved. With the death of noble von Essen's firm and diligent friend the Minister, there was no one in the Ministry of Justice who constituted at least some counterweight to Minister Palen in his extravagant antics and opinions (A. F. Coney. Memories of T– II. — M: Izd. Legal literature, 1959. 36 p.).
Three of the four sons of O. V. von Essen, Alexei, Anton and Michael followed in the footsteps of his father and tied his life with law, after graduating from the Imperial school of law, entered the civil service, and the fourth, Nicholas became the pride of the Russian fleet..
Alexey Ottovich von Essen, after serving for some time in St. Petersburg in the Ministry of justice, was sent to the Caucasian vicegerency, where he performed various positions in the Ministry of justice, as an investigator. Since 1902, A. O. von Essen was a friend of the Prosecutor of the Kutaisi district court. Subsequently he engaged in private practice. After the revolution and the creation of the national state by the Mensheviks in Georgia, he was forced to move to Azerbaijan, where he worked in the Ministry of justice of the Mussavatist government. After the entrance of the 11th red army to Azerbaijan, he returned to Tiflis. Soon there was established the Soviet power. He worked as a legal adviser. He was arrested several times, the last time in December 1937. Shot in early 1938. In 1957 he was rehabilitated.
Anton (Anthony) Inc. von Essen (1863-1919) statesman, Pietrokovski the Governor, the assistant of the Warsaw Governor General, Senator, Jagermeister.  - assistant to the Warsaw Governor-General. A supporter of moderate political course towards the poles. Like his father, he was educated at the Imperial school of law, where he was released on 27 April 1883 with the rank of IX class (titular counselor) and joined the Ministry of justice. On may 16, 1900 he joined the service of the Ministry of internal Affairs and was appointed assistant to the President of Warsaw as a state councillor. On December 6, 1904 he received the rank of state councillor and on January 13, 1906 he took the post of Petrokovsky Governor. Actively fought against the revolutionary movement in the province in terms of the Revolution of 1905-1907. In 1910 appointed assistant to the Warsaw Governor General for the civil part and may 6, 1912 granted to the hunts. At the same time he was an honorary justice of the peace of the Riga-Volmar district.
In 1914-1915, he served as Warsaw Governor-General after the death of G. A. Skalon on 1 February 1914 and until his successor J. G. Zilinsky was appointed on 4 March, a second time after the appointment of Zilinsky on 19 July by the commander-in-Chief of the armies of the North-Western front (and then his dismissal from both posts on 3 October 1914) and before the arrival of the new Governor-General Prince P. Engalychev.
A. R. lednitsky in his testimony of the Extraordinary Commission of inquiry of the Provisional government so characterized the relationship between Essen and the Polish public and his attitude to the appeal to the poles of the Supreme Commander of the Grand Duke Nicholas of August 1, 1914 :
"The acting Governor-General Essen, at the reception of representatives of the Warsaw theatres, who made a request and welcomed him in Polish, answered in a very sharp form and made it very clear that there could be no question of the reality of the appeal. It made a very strong and painful impression."
In 1914, Essen was appointed a Senator but remained in his post. In 1917, attended the First Department of the Senate. After the February revolution of 1917 remained in service and 8 April 1917, the Provisional government moved to take a seat in the First General Meeting of the Senate.
Anthony Inc. von Essen was married to Natalya Aleksandrovna Stolzenberg and from this marriage he had sons Nicholas, Vladimir and Sergei. All three sons Essen was killed in the course of the revolution and the civil war; Sergei — Lieutenant of the life guards Semenov regiment, was killed while trying to suppress revolutionary speech in Petrograd on March 2, 1917. Nikolay and Vladimir were killed During the fighting with the red army.

In 1919 Antoniy Ottovich von Essen was arrested by Kiev vuchk and imprisoned in a Concentration camp. Shot in June 1919. According to one of the sisters of mercy, who worked in the camp, while in prison Essen very well made shoes of ropes. The commandant of the camp in the morning was allowed to take his wife to transfer the Essen material for his work. And the day he was killed. But the wife was told that her husband was taken to Moscow. Although the sister saw how the guards divided his things that always occurred after the execution of the Awards: Order of St. Stanislaus 2 nd degree (1892), the Order of St. Anne 2 nd degree (1901), the Order of St. Vladimir 3rd degree (6 December 1906), Order of St. Stanislaus 1-th degree (1909), the Order of St. Anna 1-th degree (1913)
- List of fourth grade civilian ranks. Corrected to March 1, 1907. SPb., 1907. C. 1820.
- The list of civil ranks of the first three classes. Corrected to September 1, 1914. Pg., 1914. C. 580.
- The list of persons serving on Department of the Ministry of internal Affairs of 1909. Part 2. Province, region and municipality. SPb., 1909. P.489.
- Journals of meetings of the Provisional government. Vol.1. March-April 1917. M., 2001. C. 260.
- The fall of the tsarist regime. Vol. VII. Moscow-Leningrad, 1927. C. 238-239, 440. - Almanach de St-Petersburg. Cour, monde et ville. 1912. C. 208.
Mikhail Ottovich von Essen ( 17 January 1871 -: 17 may 1908)
Vladimir von Essen R. June 12, 1902 the mind. 1938. (Hieromonk Benjamin)
Lost his father early and was raised by her mother and then stepfather, major-General Vladimir Saltykov, who died in captivity in Germany during the First World war. To 25 years to war and in the White and the red army (17 years of age, after high school, he served six months in an evacuation hospital of the red cross, who then was the Soviet, right after left the White army of Denikin), the tonsure took while studying at the Leningrad Higher theological courses. This was an unusual educational institution for the Soviet city, which largely succeeded the Petrograd Theological Institute, which was closed by the authorities. In 1927 he was tonsured a monk with the name Veniamin. In 1930, his father Veniamin became rector of the Church of the Tikhvin icon of the Mother of God in Lesnoy. However, he served in the Forest father is Benjamin long. A year and a half later he was arrested. Obviously, the prosecution lacked evidence. Twice the head of Department of UGRO asks the Deputy chief of the 3rd Department of gugb to send compromising materials to Essen. Of course, the dirt is located: place of birth — Poland, the origin of the "former", also a Minister of the cult, mother and three brothers live abroad, and past criminal record, and violation of the passport regime (were not allowed to be in Moscow). It sentenced along with other leaders of the brotherhood to the maximum term of punishment — ten years in the camps. Blamed him for "attracting young people to Church and helping exiled clergy". From the appointed time father Benjamin served in the Mordovian camps for five years, after which he was released early. In the camp, he led an art Studio, where he recruited staff from among the priests, thus saving them from excessive work, often threatening them with death.
Having a ban on living in large cities, Veniamin's father still visited Leningrad and Moscow, apparently, met with his brothers. It is known that he earned the bread he as a graphic artist.
The last time his father Benjamin was arrested almost by accident, during a RAID, and detained as "previously convicted", "ex", "churchman". It was 1938. NKVD carried out and exceeded plans for execution of enemies of the people. The father of Benjamin never had a chance to stay alive. He was sentenced to death and executed at Butovo on June 4, 1938 a Lot of drawing, but, unfortunately, not known to us: in business there is only mention of them.

 

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4 Jun 1938 ieromonah Veniamin Essen was shot. In his investigation as "evidence" there were many letters sent to him from different camps with gratitude for his kindness and care. Vladimir Essen was not convicted for political and criminal charges and therefore not even subject to rehabilitation.
CSF IC GUVD MO. F. 189. D. CO-44616; martyrology. C. 398
Admiral of the Imperial Fleet Nikolai Ottovich von Essen. (1860-1915).

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Awarded with the orders of St. Stanislaus 3rd degree ( 01.01.1894 ) , SV. Anna 3rd degree ( 13.04.1897 ) , SV. Vladimir, 4th class with bow for 20 campaigns ( 22.09.1898 ) , SV. Stanislav 2 nd degree ( 14.04.1902 ) , a Golden sword with the inscription "For bravery" ( 14.03.1904 ) , SV. George, 4th class ( 17.04.1905 ) , SV. Vladimir 3rd degree ( 06.12.1906 ) , SV. Anna 1-degree ( 1911 ) , SV. Vladimir 2-degree ( 06.12.1913 ) , White eagle with swords ( 1914 ) .  Foreign orders : Gracasi Savior 5 degrees ( 1893 ) , Montenegrin Prince Daniel of grade 3 ( 1899 ) , the French Legion of honor knight's cross ( 1902 ) , English Victoria 2 class ( 1908 ) , the Swedish Sword-commander's cross, 1st class ( 1908 ) , the French Legion of honor commander's cross ( 1908 ) , Danish Danbr. 1 art. (1912), French Legion of Honor officer cross (1914), Black Star Grand cross ( 1914 )
His life is worthy the pen of the most worthy novelist, series good Director! The Emperor Alexander III Alexandrovich Peacemaker, once said, "Russia has only two allies – her Army and Navy!"The stormy events that took place in the reign of his son Emperor Nicholas II Alexandrovich proved the correctness of the words of this great man. In the history of Russia, this heavy-duty, full testing for the entire country and the entire people of the century as the twentieth. And it was during this century, perhaps more than ever a great responsibility rests on the shoulders of officers of the army and Navy.
The father of the future naval commander sympathized with the choice of his son, who wished to continue the family tradition of serving the Fatherland under St. Andrew's banner. Thirteen years a boy joined the Marine corps, and from that time all the works and thoughts of Essen was wholly given to the sea and the Navy. Possessing great ability and admirable diligence to the study of the Sciences, Nikolai Essen stood out among his classmates in-depth knowledge of the studied in the College of General scientific and special disciplines. With a special passion, he studied higher mathematics, mechanics, weapons, Maritime practice and some other disciplines directly related to the theory of the ship and the use of combat vehicles of the armored fleet. With the big advantage he held educational practice on the ships of the Baltic fleet, during which cadets and midshipmen reinforcing their theoretical knowledge and got practical experience in the use of weapons and the ship
After graduating from the Naval Academy in 1880, second edition (the first was the future academician Prince B. B. Golitsyn), Nikolai Essen was awarded the title of Midshipman. For excellent progress in learning his name in Golden letters was placed on a marble Board of honor. After graduating from school N. Oh. von Essen, along with other gardemarins went on a two-year voyage abroad on a semi-fast frigate "Duke of Edinburgh" in the Mediterranean sea and the far East. He survived a strong storm in the Bay of Biscay, visited Naples, Piraeus, Algeria, Trieste and other ports, with Grand Dukes Sergei and Constantine went to Jerusalem and Bethlehem. During this voyage N. About. Essen in August, 1881, was promoted to warrant officer.
In 1884, Midshipman N. About. Essen as a capable young officer sent to study at the Nikolaev naval Academy in the mechanical Department during the three years of study at the Academy he received a deep knowledge in the field of shipbuilding, weapons and theories of naval Affairs. Here he is in January 1886 was awarded the regular rank of the officer. He graduated from the Maritime Academy in the first category in October 1887. But on this his naval education not ended. To deepen their knowledge in the field artillery, which was the main weapon of armored cruisers, and to practice artillery fire control, N. About. Essen in 1889 he enrolled in an Artillery officers ' classes that graduated in 1891, having been educated at the artillery officer of the highest qualification.
In March 1891, as Lieutenant N. About. Essen married in revel, the daughter of councillor of state M. M. Linden, Maria M. Linden (by the way, the brother-in-law Essen, major-General A. M. Linden, Vice-Director of the office of the Naval Ministry, which was the numerous rumors that "the Midshipman married for patronage"). The couple background Assenov soon born daughter Olga and son Anthony.

 

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After the officer class N. About. Essen in 1892 again for almost four years goes on a long voyage. He was appointed a senior gunner on a cruiser 1-St rank "Admiral Kornilov", which sailed from Kronstadt to the far East. In the Pacific the squadron Essen, and served for several years, beating almost all of the North sea. During these years he served as a flag-captain is the commander of the 1st Pacific squadron of Vice-Admiral S. O. Makarov, the Creator of the tactics of Russian armored fleet. Essen later recalled that the experience gained under the command of Vice-Admiral Makarov, "impossible to forget, and to ignore them is criminal." In June, 1896 he was appointed the commander of the destroyer No. 104 (displacement about 80 tons) which was a part of practical squadron of the Baltic sea which was commanded by S. O. Makarov. And although N. Oh. Essen sailed on the destroyer in the practical squadron for only three months, the service it was a great school for his commander training. Nikolai Inc. firmly remember the words of his teacher S. O. Makarov about what a great commander able to glorify his ship and its crew even if the ship is not very technical data.
In 1897, on the cruiser "Vladimir Monomakh" Essen returned to Petersburg, after which he commanded the destroyer "Pakerort", with a displacement of 120 tons. Its armament consisted of three torpedo tubes and two 37-mm guns. A year later, Essen was transferred to the naval gunboat "Threatening" to the post of senior officer. On these ships, which were part of the Mediterranean squadron of rear Admiral Skrydlov, he disappeared for three years, having received the practice of command of the medium destroyer and assistant commander of the artillery ship. In 1899, for his merits in the service N. About. Essen was promoted to captain 2 rank and appointed senior officer on the cruiser Bogatyr ' and in 1901 the commander of the steamer "Slavyanka", which kept your bradyna commander destroyers captain 1st rank V. V. Ignatius. This steamer Essen commanded for a year, and in the winter, when the steamer was in St. Petersburg, taught at The Maritime school of deviation and theoretical mechanics, showing himself as a good and competent teacher.
Along with Makarov Essen formed a squadron in Kronstadt, and then in Reval and Libau. In December 1902 the captain of the 2nd rank N. About. Essen was appointed commander of the latest Mironenko light cruiser "Novik" with a displacement of 3,080 tons and speed 25 knots. His weaponry consisted of six 120-mm, six 47-mm and two 37-mm tubes. The cruiser had an armored deck and the wheelhouse, with the armor thickness of 30 and 51 mm. Its crew consisted of 12 officers and sailors 316 and conductors. Taking the ship to the shipyard "Schichau" in Germany, N. Oh. Essen transferred to Port Arthur in the Russian squadron of the Pacific, commanded by Vice Admiral O. V. stark.
It is noteworthy that even in those years Essen foresaw the inevitable military confrontation between Russia and Germany. In 1898, he repeatedly performed in The" marine collection " with articles about the German Navy and since then has started on his personal file, which replenished until the end of his days.

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After a sudden attack of the Japanese on the night of 27 January 1904 navtarang von Essen first brought his cruiser to meet the enemy. In the morning, when intact Japanese torpedo the Russian ships just came out of the RAID, "Novik" has already attacked the enemy. In sea he met several Japanese ships and has entered battle. Showing the heroism and tenacity, skillfully maneuvering under the murderous fire of several Japanese ships, "Novik" fearlessly fought a battle using all of their artillery. Only after hitting 8-inch Japanese shells in the middle part of the left side, the commander ordered to retreat, but not before it released a torpedo which passed very close to the Japanese cruiser "Iwate".

 

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The Governor Admiral Alexeev immediately summoned Essen and attacked him with the following words: "I watched from the Golden Mountain. You could not see the explosions of the shells. How dare You? How dare You have a day to go in the front of the mine attack. I put a cross on you. And You are alive. However... Admiral lowered his voice – I congratulate you on the Golden arms!"It was a brilliant beginning of the spirit for the future heroic defense of Port Arthur.
The cruiser of 2nd rank "Novik", along with the cruiser "Varyag" is one of the most famous cruisers of the Russian Navy, having attained fame in the war with Japan. This ship was a favorite cruiser Vice-Admiral Stepan Osipovich Makarov. In 1904, the correspondent of the English times in Tokyo wrote: "Hardly any other event during this spring attracted more attention in Japan than the fate of Novik. Little cruiser unparalleled feat won the hearts of their opponents. Starting with the first naval battle on January 27, when he bravely withdrew from the ranks of his more powerful comrades and rushed to the Japanese squadron, "Novik" under the command of N. Oh. Essen distinguished himself at least six times. At the same time, he never suffered any serious damage. He seemed as if enchanted! And not just Japanese sailors blessed the fate that they have to deal only with one "Novik" — otherwise the entire fate of the offshore company could be completely inoyu".
Bold steps "Novick" on the background of the first failures was noticeable. For battle January 27, 1904 near Port Arthur in addition to N.About. von Essen 12 crew members of the "Novik" received the George cross. At the request of the commander of the fleet of S. O. Makarov on March 16, 1904 the captain of the 2nd rank of the Essen was assigned to command the battleship "Sevastopol»
Essen's heroic character was seen not only by his friends, but also by his future enemies. The German marine attaché in Port Arthur, later Admiral, E. Gopman wrote about him: "they Say he is a crystal unselfish, extremely independent person." Under the command of Essen "Sevastopol" has become the most active and efficient vehicle fleet. Battleship repeatedly went into the sea, twice undermined by mines, but did not stop the counter-battery fight against the Japanese siege artillery. When began direct execution of the ships in the Harbor, N. 0. Essen, despite the ban, the stormy night he rammed closed the boom barrier and translated the Sevastopol Bay the White Wolf, where he prepared his attacks on the Japanese destroyers. The captain had intended to go to sea, to replenish the reserves of coal in the Chinese port and head toward the squadron of Rozhdestvensky. But Viren has not given permission."Sevastopol" was subjected to numerous attacks of the Japanese destroyers which let out on it 180 torpedoes, two of which reached the purpose. A reminder of the heroism of daring commander and still may be the order of the chief of the Kwantung fortified area, Lieutenant-General A. M. Stesses dated December 5, 1904: "Proud, glorious warriors, the feat of the battleship "Sevastopol", the feat of the commander of the captain of 1 rank of Essen, the officers and crew! Let each one of you will be proud to pass on the Homeland and descendants as the "Sevastopol," one ventured to go to the RAID on the night of 26 November and being attacked by five consecutive nights, with the glory heroically repulsed the attacks of enemy destroyers. This feat should never be erased from your memory!.. Cheers to the heroes of the battleship "Sevastopol"!»

 

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The ship is still three weeks remained in the outer Harbor and reflect the Maritime attacks of the enemy. And on the night of December 6, 1904 Essen received the order to flood "Sevastopol". The death of the ship on the day of surrender Port Arthur was for Nicholas Ottovich the greatest shock. In those hours he was ready to die along with his ship... the Battleship has already started to dive into the sea when a group of officers returned for the commander. Essen literally force tore off the handrail and the hands moved to tug.
The feats in this war N. O. von Essen was awarded the order of St. George 4-th degree and promoted to captain 1 rank. But the main thing that it took out of this campaign is a rich experience of observations and reflections on the lost war.
From August, 1906, already a rear-Admiral N. O. von Essen became chief of detachment mine cruisers of the Baltic fleet, later reorganised into the 1st Mine division. This detachment was to become the first combat-ready compound almost completely dead in the far East fleet in the Baltic. Nikolai Inc. safely rebuilds military training according to the precepts of S. O. Makarov. His energy, experience and organizational talent gradually overcome the slant and routine of high command and find wide support among the leading officers of the fleet. Within two years he made mine the best division in the Union Navy, for which he received a commendation from the king, who, observing the teaching division, commended her battle training. Mine division by N.About. The Essen became a real school for the training and education of officers of the Baltic fleet, and especially for commanders of ships, which Nicholas Inc., and all of the outstanding naval commanders of the Russian fleet, was considered as the crucial link in providing success in the combat training of the personnel on the ship and the ship's success in battle. Many officers, having good assinovsky school of mines division, later receiving the appointment to the capital ships: battleships and cruisers, were transferred to them the principles of combat training used in the mine division.
Making the review the ships of the division at the Peterhof RAID in may, 1907 Emperor Nicholas II expressed hope that it "will serve as the nucleus from which will grow a new and strong fleet, formidable to the enemy, loyal defender of the throne and of the Fatherland." At the end of August he was present at the maneuvers of the division. Used first to observe the exercises of the fleet of elemental evolution in the Wake columns, and then just race from Bierce to revel, Nicholas II was extremely excited about the artillery fight, torpedo attack, coverage and delivery of the "enemy." And on August 27 on the bridge "frontier Guards", who admired the teachings of the Emperor wearing rear Admiral braid from his shoulder, appointing Essen in his entourage.