Especially men like porter – highly foaming dark English beer with significant alcohol content. Beer George Sebald also supplied Kotlas, Nikolsk, Cherevkov, Sol'vychegodsk, the Toima, Podosinovets, Ust-Sysolsk, the station Luza and other places. During the first world war, beer production decreased significantly, and in 1916 the factory produced only fruit water. In 1920 the plant was nationalized and in 1922 the couple Georg and Sophia Sebald left Russia and lived (* the couple Deinlein, also refugees from Ustyug) in Those the suburbs of Nuremberg. Their great-granddaughter Dr. Sigrid Maldonado writes from the United States: "... for me, the Great Ustyug, where my great-grandfather and great-grandmother lived, has always been of great importance. There my great-grandfather Ludwig Sebald was the owner of the brewery. My great-grandmother is buried there. In Velikiy Ustyug up their children, including my grandfather's brother who was called “the Bavarian 3ебальд”. He and his wife Sofia, née Roters for my mom and her sisters were George and aunt Sophia."
In July or August 1914 my grandfather was interned in Wesenberg (Estonia) and sent deep into Russia, but he was lucky enough to get to Ustyug, where his brother lived. In October 1914, my grandmother, Alida E. Johanson, left Wesenberg and married with her children. In Ustyug, the whole family was to be registered weekly in the local police. They lived in the house of my grandfather's brother, Georg Sebald. With special pleasure my mother recalled the evening when uncle George and aunt Sofia came to visit: lying in bed, my mother and her sisters have their own kids uncle and aunt wasn't/ listening to adult music. How wonderful it was to fall asleep to the music! Uncle Georg played the violin, and aunt Sophia played the piano... my grandmother was a pet teacher somewhere in 1897 or 1898. When the first world war, my grandmother Alida Johansen took refuge in the city and her children began to teach the youngest daughter of Pecev, Frida. After all, then German children were not allowed to go to school…»
As such, there was no German settlement in Ustyug, the Germans settled in different parts of the city, most often buying houses from local residents. They bought the land in the County. The estate usually included: forest cottage, arable land, hay and so-called uncomfortable land, which was used for the construction of houses, barns, stables, barn. Here is a list of some estates:

1 Savino – at different times its owners were P. K. Luers, J. A. PEC, Berend Khristianovich PEC. 2 "Es'kino" – A. H. PEC. 3 "Pertino" - Franz Frantsevich Roters. 4 "Syvorotkina" – Glaseri. 5 plot of land in the village belonged to Aikawa Param. All of the estate was was municipalized in 1918 and was destroyed, and about the wanton destruction of estates PEC and Raters in Nesterovskiy parish in June 1918, even reported by local newspaper "North–Dvina region".
According to the census of 1897, the entire population of Ustyug was 11137 people, 40 of them foreign subjects, and in 1910 only Germans were registered 88 people. Of these, four families were registered in the merchant class of the city (G. H. PEC, A. H. PEC, A. F. Roters and E. M. Roters), the rest were in the petty bourgeois society and among them my great-grandfather Ingvard-Nicholas PEC and his sister Emilia Alexandrovna. So in the late 19th – early 20th centuries in the city lived and worked as a Prussian subject, musician and photographer Otto Kramer, Bavarian musician Ludwig Preuss, a Latin teacher at the gymnasium Edgar Heine, brewer Gustav Offer, the building master Gustav Beije. Pharmacist I. Berg with 1858 year handled photography and contained pharmacy. Having left Ustyug, he sold the pharmacy to Fyodor Karlovich Glezer, who received from her an income of up to 600 rubles a year. In 1907 F. K. Glezer opened a printing house in his two-storey stone house on Uspenskaya street, which successfully worked for ten years.
The commercial, social and charitable activities of the Germans in Veliky Ustyug contributed to the development of the economy and culture of this city in the North of Russia. Back in the XIX century in Russia, the issue of the structure of reasonable public entertainment attracted General attention. In large and small cities are opening public theatres and clubs, there are various companies, organizes festivals, performances, musical evenings.
Veliky Ustyug is no exception. In his clubs, local Amateur artists quite often arranged concerts. Especially happy to Velikiy Ustyug inhabitants attended performances of the group of fans singing and music, created in 1911, “for distribution in Velikiy Ustyug musical and vocal education, as well as to deliver their members aesthetic enjoyment and developing their musical tastes.”
The founders circle were the couple Georg and Sophia Sebald, Roters, E. N. Zelenkevich, O. M. Tsvetaeva, F., And Heytmann, V. Glubokoe, etc. This society had its own seal and a distinctive badge. The choir was ruled by the crowd favorite O. M. Tsvetaeva, orchestra – Georg Sebald. In the program of the musical evening included works by Russian and foreign classics, sang songs, romances, arias from operas by G. P. Zhilin, I. K., Eisenberg, Duo Georg Sebald and Sophia, Roters fans and other musicians. The audience enthusiastically embraced all the musical numbers, rewarding the artists with thunderous applause calling for an encore and without end. The same circle of Amateur singing and music organized in the city's literary and musical evenings dedicated to Pushkin, Gogol, Lermontov, Turgenev and other famous poets and writers, whose books can always be purchased in book and paper shop “Idea” A. S. Schreiber in the Shopping alley.
More about Veliky Ustyug and family PEC says Wilhelm Karlovich Shlau interned with the outbreak of the first world war from Courland to Great Ustyug (*Shlau V. in the war In Russia. great Ustyug. 1915-1918 years // Baltic Yearbook of the Germans. T. XXVII. 1980) : "...the three of Us became a bit crowded at Costming, and on their advice, we turned to their German neighbors, Param in whose area, in addition to their house, there was a small Lutheran Church, built by someone from the previous generations in their family. Patsy took us to himself for all these years struggling and tried to help us all they could. Their ancestors came to Arkhangelsk from Kiel. (*in fact from Weißenfels), and the father of our host in the city was already mayor. The owner himself, Arnold PEC, owned not only the house, but also the steam mill, and sawmill, and a tugboat with barges, walking on local rivers. And behind the Ustyug he had Savino's estate.
Arnold PEC was a man of joy, humble, calm and reliable. His son Peter, a faithful assistant to the father-in navigation almost did not go from the boat to shore. And the soul of the entire house was inimitable Mrs. Bertha PEC, née Raters, a native of Arkhangelsk, where she studied German in a Church school. In the family, they mainly sounded only Russian language, but for family holidays, the family held German domestic performances, and when Mrs. Burt with her sister, Mrs. Sebald played the piano in four hands, the beat certainly was counted in German. And Christmas was celebrated in the German way. Of the four daughters of Arnold SB PEC two married their cousins Glezerov – they were both in the war. One of these daughters and her two unmarried sisters lived in a parental home where their lame uncle /Ernst lived. The Sands gave us a large room separated by a partition, and in the fall, when my father arrived, another room opposite. The brother of our host Behrend PEC, the Director of a local branch of “the Bank for foreign trade”, was the estate of Savino, picturesquely situated on the banks of the Sukhona, resting in a dense forest, inhabited by crows and woodcock – the Raven boys often sat on the railing of our porch. Still before me there are wonderful views of the area. On Sunny days I woke up for five hours – through the shingle roof the sun so heated the house that it became impossible to sleep. However, in the evening, at ten, was already cool. Unique was a bright night without turning on the light, we could read o'clock to eleven! Berend was married also to an Archangel, from the family of Browns, their son studied in our gymnasium. The sister of three of these brothers Pecov was married to the pharmacist Theodor Glaser, their three sons, two village owners, one surveyor, were in military service. In the city lived two brothers of Mrs. Bertha PEC – the owner of the chemist and engineer, who was also married to one of the Browns. The husband of Mrs. Sebald, came to Ustyug from Bavaria and opened a large brewery “Northern Bavaria”. Fearing that he has not taken this plant, Sebald adopted Russian citizenship.

His passport was taken away, he was under police supervision, but in Ustyug he was allowed to go alone, without a guide, and in Ustyug there was almost no supervision. / Small retreat: my parents did not know how to write in Russian, so my mother and I wrote in French, and my father used Latin until one day they received a notice that censorship is not going to hire a special person who knows Latin for our sake. Mrs. PEC offered to settle my father, too, in their house, everything was going very well. …
The Sands provided us all: we ate with them at the common table, became quite their own in their family circle. After the summer holidays, we brought our maid – a sweet Agnia; soon Rotraut was already freely chatting in Russian with his imaginary older sister. On Sundays, dad was home a prayer, and he often had spouses Tebaldi / Lutheran parish of Ustiug was to be the administrative pastor Königsfeld in Yaroslavl, but it is usually only once a year came to Ustyug serve its parishioners. Since then my father came and until 1918 he served ustyuzhskaya part of the parish pastor Sochi.
However, I've twice had occasion to perform pastoral duties. The first time PEC has been asked to prepare for confirmation of my student in high school, berenda PEC Jr. German he knew no matter, but engaged willingly, and we with him a few weeks understood the essence of Lutheranism. On confirmation Berend made a great impression on pastor Königsfeld, he used to deal with confirmants of very modest knowledge.
In the autumn of 1917, when my father went to Solvychegodsk, Ernst PEC died, and the brothers of the deceased asked me to take over the duties of pastor. I had to take part in everything: when the dead body was put in the coffin when he was buried in the cemetery of the convent in Aikawa, Ustyug /there Pecam owned cemetery plot/. In a word, conducted the whole funeral ceremony – of course, in German. During the funeral the choir sang the Russian nuns, beside me stood the priest and waved his censer: the locals did not feel themselves bound by the narrow framework of any one religion.
... Soon I removed to get the police of his father's passport – supervision ended. 27 APR, new style was born, our Wilfried: extremely tough kid shouting so loud in the delivery room said: “Again, the Germans screaming!"On may 24, my father baptized him in the house of PEC. Sands took such a touching part in our lives, and we invited all their relatives and Dr. kyune to the christening. The godson's parting words were: "Be strong in faith, be strong and courageous.” For my wife this day remained the happiest in her life...".
Arnold Khristianovich PEC (1860-1941) was engaged in shipping on the Sukhona and Dvina. In the area of the estate Savino he organized a small shipyard and in 1885 built the first steamship “Concordia” and “Favorite”. In 1890-e years was built the steamers “Navigator”, “Carrier” and another “Concordia”, which was sold in Arkhangelsk to the owner Postnikov. All these vessels had a wooden hull. Since the beginning of the XX century, the shipyard began to build ships with the so-called composite hull (iron Board and wooden bottom). Since 1911 steamships A. X. PEC began to do with the metal body. “Dove” and “Severo-Dvinsky pool”, built in such a way, and worked up to 1950-ies, but under other names.

More about Veliky Ustyug and family PEC says Wilhelm Karlovich Shlau interned with the outbreak of the first world war from Courland to Great Ustyug (*Shlau V. in the war In Russia. great Ustyug. 1915-1918 years // Baltic Yearbook of the Germans. T. XXVII. 1980) : "...the three of Us became a bit crowded at Costming, and on their advice, we turned to their German neighbors, Param in whose area, in addition to their house, there was a small Lutheran Church, built by someone from the previous generations in their family. Patsy took us to himself for all these years struggling and tried to help us all they could. Their ancestors came to Arkhangelsk from Kiel. (*in fact from Weißenfels), and the father of our host in the city was already mayor. The owner himself, Arnold PEC, owned not only the house, but also the steam mill, and sawmill, and a tugboat with barges, walking on local rivers. And behind the Ustyug he had Savino's estate.
Arnold PEC was a man of joy, humble, calm and reliable. His son Peter, a faithful assistant to the father-in navigation almost did not go from the boat to shore. And the soul of the entire house was inimitable Mrs. Bertha PEC, née Raters, a native of Arkhangelsk, where she studied German in a Church school. In the family, they mainly sounded only Russian language, but for family holidays, the family held German domestic performances, and when Mrs. Burt with her sister, Mrs. Sebald played the piano in four hands, the beat certainly was counted in German. And Christmas was celebrated in the German way. Of the four daughters of Arnold SB PEC two married their cousins Glezerov – they were both in the war. One of these daughters and her two unmarried sisters lived in a parental home where their lame uncle /Ernst lived. The Sands gave us a large room separated by a partition, and in the fall, when my father arrived, another room opposite. The brother of our host Behrend PEC, the Director of a local branch of “the Bank for foreign trade”, was the estate of Savino, picturesquely situated on the banks of the Sukhona, resting in a dense forest, inhabited by crows and woodcock – the Raven boys often sat on the railing of our porch. Still before me there are wonderful views of the area. On Sunny days I woke up for five hours – through the shingle roof the sun so heated the house that it became impossible to sleep. However, in the evening, at ten, was already cool. Unique was a bright night without turning on the light, we could read o'clock to eleven! Berend was married also to an Archangel, from the family of Browns, their son studied in our gymnasium. The sister of three of these brothers Pecov was married to the pharmacist Theodor Glaser, their three sons, two village owners, one surveyor, were in military service. In the city lived two brothers of Mrs. Bertha PEC – the owner of the chemist and engineer, who was also married to one of the Browns. The husband of Mrs. Sebald, came to Ustyug from Bavaria and opened a large brewery “Northern Bavaria”. Fearing that he has not taken this plant, Sebald adopted Russian citizenship.
Still here lived a handsome man, their rich relative James PEC ... in the Spring of 1916, evicted from SALIS and my father. He moved to his son-in-law Mazing in Karkus, but he was allowed to live only North of the latitude of Nizhny Novgorod. Ustyug is higher, so my assumption was correct. Our father came by a steamer from Vologda – we spent the summer vacation in the estate of Arnold PEC, which turned out to be very successful, as his father was able to settle in the village, in a clean peasant hut.

Arnold Khristianovich and Bertha of Franzini, Raters had.five children: Peter's son and daughters Alma, Charlotte, Bert and Flora. In addition to their children, the family had three adopted, without a father, children of Alexander Alexandrovich PEC. Place in a large house enough for all, but boring has never been. Family relations were calm and friendly, and until 1925 the family lived in this house on Uspenskaya street. The fate of the Great Ustyug in the revolutionary period is similar to the fate of many cities in our country, when all industrial enterprises were nationalized and the houses and property of most merchant families were requisitioned. Began the seizure of valuable objects from the temples, the destruction of those who opposed the new government. Shot the editor of the newspaper "the Wave" of social-revolutionary Peter Zepalov, waiting for their fate in Ustiug prison Pitirim Sorokin, one of the editors of the Central Newspapers of the socialist revolutionary party "Business people" in the future, the famous American sociologist and cultural anthropologist. Unemployment and labor exchange, the society of militant atheists and the dropping of bells, the closure of parish churches, fires of icons and books, the destruction of churches, mass repression.
After 1917, various institutions were placed in the PEC house, and the family began to leave. The first went to daughter Charlotte with husband Eduard Glaser and children. Then Alma and her husband Leo Glezer and his sons Peter and Alfred moved to another house.
In 1925 Berta Frantsevna and Arnold Khristianovich with unmarried daughters Berta, Flora and adopted daughter Elena left in Moscow region to Charlotte Arnoldovna. In the old house, now on Sovetsky Avenue, there were only Peter Arnoldovich with his family and younger children Alexander Alexandrovich with his mother and aunt Emily. In 1927, remaining asked to vacate the last room basement. Most of the furniture was confiscated, with what remained, moved to Alma Glaser, where they lived until 1929. In December 1929, under the cover of night Peter Arnoldovich and Larisa Pavlovna Ptsy with his son Arnold secretly went to the Kotlas and then to Leningrad, where for many years lived on the Stone island. Alma arnoldovna and his family moved to Moscow, where they were sheltered by relatives on line Glezerov. The longest remained in the Great Ustyug children of Alexander, but they left the city no later than 1933.
The family of Arnold Khristianovich PEC until 1941, lived in the suburbs together with his daughter's family Charlotta Arnoldovna Glezer, often changing place of residence. But when the Nazis came to Moscow, all residents with non-Russian names in 24 hours, was deported to Kazakhstan in unheated shelters, and so many people died from cold in transit, and almost all the rest found in Kazakhstan last resort.
The great grandson of Christian Andreevich, Arnold Petrovic PEC, who kindly provided the author with many information about the family of Paul and PEC, was born on December 15, 1921 in Veliky Ustyug. In 1929, the family moved to Leningrad. In 1940, A. P. PEC graduated from high school and passed exams in shipbuilding Institute, but to learn it had not. In the early days of the great Patriotic war he went to the front and participated in the fighting on the Volkhov, the Karelian, the 1st far Eastern front, ending the war in Manchuria. Since 1947 Arnold Petrovich goes to the Military Academy in Leningrad, in the years 1953-1960 serves in the air defense forces in the far East, 1960-1972 years — senior teacher of the military school. Since 1972, retired from the Ministry of defense. Lives in St. Petersburg with his wife Evelina V., and a daughter Helen. Very nice, intelligent and hospitable people. At the Institute of genealogical research Arnold Petrovich was engaged in studying the history of foreign families who connected their fate with the Russian North.
Exclusively thanks to the efforts of Arnold Petrovich, we learned more about our pedigree. Although my grandmother Lydia Nikolaevna PEC, the granddaughter of Christian Andreevich, told us sometimes something about her father and grandfather, about the "German settlement" in Arkhangelsk, but especially did not spread. In those times (after the war) to speak about this should not. Therefore, our gratitude to Arnold Petrovich is endless. It searches and materials and formed the basis of this work

Russia-Orthodox monarchy!

The second son of Christian A. PEC – merchant of 1 Guild Gustav Hristianovich (1842-1919), the most enterprising of all his children, was in St. Petersburg Director of the company "Riting" and purveyor to Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich, the Palace of which often invited the whole family of Parev.
Attitude from the office of the court Of Grand Duke Vladimir
A. Gustav Hristianovich PEC:
Office Manager
Yard's
his imperial Highness
Grand Duke
Vladimir Alexandrovich
May 10, 1894
 No. 418
St. Petersburg
his imperial Highness
Grand Duke VL.Scarlet. Oswego-
rummaging that You are in
St. Petersburg, deigned
to Express a desire to see
You tomorrow, may 11th at 10 ½ hours
mornings.
Reporting this, I have the honour
I humbly ask You to welcome
tomorrow to the Palace Him. Vys. to
appointed time.
Yup. office Act. stat. Council / signature / (Sokolov)
His High Alertness G. H. PEC.

Vladimir Romanov (10.04.1847-04.02. 1909)-his Imperial Highness, adjutant General, General of infanteria, Senator, member of the state Council). The third son of Emperor Alexander II, Grand Duke was known as a famous philanthropist, assembled a valuable collection of paintings. In his study Vladimir took writers, artists, entertainers, and business people of St. Petersburg, including the supplier of his court, Gustav Hristianovich PEC, whose great-grandfather August A. PEC arrived in Russia not knowing the language or customs of this country. Of course, the Germans in Russia have never been lost. From the 12th century they settled in Russian cities, conducting intensive trade with Novgorod and Pskov merchants. Not knowing the Russian language, the questions were pretty quiet in General, were dumb – "the Germans."
The first Russian ruler, who established close contacts with the Germans, was Yaroslav the Wise, who married his sons to the Germans. Under Ivan the terrible in Moscow, on Yauza were German Sloboda – Kukui, becoming a “city within a city”. Peter I, who was called a disciple of this settlement, invited trade, military and scientists from Germany, who served in Russia “on contracts”, not forgetting their own interests and looking to a huge country.
... In the intrigues of the St. Petersburg court Germans quickly understood, military and strong-willed qualities, activity and devotion to the throne quickly made them important figures in politics, army and administration. Russian Germans stood at the head of the Office of His Majesty and of many ministries, they were generals and admirals, governors, commanders of armies, guards parts. When Nicholas I, wishing to reward the General A. P. Ermolov, asking him what he would want, he replied: “Make me a German, Sir.” That says a lot. There was the continuous twinning of the Russian tsars, Grand Dukes and duchesses with the German reigning houses of Mecklenburg, Brunswick, Hesse-Darmstadt, Holstein-Gottorp, Oldenburg, Leuchtenberg. German blood was gradually replaced Russian blood in the veins of kings, turning them into a Russified Germans. But not blood after all, determines the attitude of the person and upbringing and way of life. A large number of Russian scientists, military figures, art representatives belonged to the German nationality. Among them Franz Lefort, J. and D. I. Fonvizin, Munnich, B. H. and Osterman, A. I., scientists Miller G. Kh. and Richman, G. V., navigators I. F. Kruzenshtern and F. F. Bellingshausen, the generals Barclay de Tolly, Bennigsen L. L., Johann Korff, Carl Jessen, Ferdinand Wrangel, B. A. von Glasenap, Otto Kotzebue. From more recent figures of note academician Boris Viktorovich Rauschenbach was one of the founders of the Soviet space program.
... In the Palace of the Grand Duke were often held balls, receptions, musical and literary evenings. Until 1917 this Palace was one of the centers of secular life of St. Petersburg. It was even called “Small the Imperial court”. Sorting out the archive of our family, suddenly I saw a picture of 100 years ago: a beautiful and cheerful young people in your wedding day 16.9.1907 of the year – Lieutenant of the life guards Semenov regiment Nikolai von Essen and Raisa PEC.
One of the Grand balls at the Palace of the Grand Duke and met the two daughters of Gustav Hristianovich with shiny guards officers, Raisa with Nikolai Karlovich and Anna PEC with the staff captain of the 1st guards artillery brigade, Nikolai M. von Essen, belonging to the German branch of the Hanseatic sort, the beginning of which is lost in Westphalia in the 12th century. Alexander von Essen, Swedish major-General in 1655 went with the Embassy to Moscow to Tsar Ivan. Over the last 250 years, this family has given 18 generals and the famous Admiral of the Baltic fleet Baltic nobles von Essen, many of whom were military, and served in Sweden, and in France, and in the Holstein. A lot of background Assenov was active in military service in Russia, Lieutenant-General Reinhold von Essen, noted in the letter of Catherine II to count Rumyantsev for heroism, was knight of all Russian orders.

The closest relative of the guards, intermarried with Parami, Nikolai Inc. von Essen, who served 35 years in the Navy, from Midshipman to Admiral, a companion and follower of the Admiral S. O. Makarov during the Russo - Japanese war he commanded the cruiser "Novik" and the flagship battleship "Sevastopol", and from 1909 to 1915годы was commander of the Baltic fleet, a lot of times he was awarded the highest medals of the Russian Empire.
And all members of this glorious family was distinguished by his loyalty and courage, so in the period from 1794 and 1842 nine representatives of this family was awarded the order of St. George of various degrees.
Father Nikolai Karlovich von Essen, Karl Karlovich (major General retired), in the years 1877-78 he served in the Semenov regiment, then adjutant to the Commandant of the St. Petersburg administration. He married Sophia Ivanovna Moldakova, the daughter of a rich merchant Ivan Agafonova Moldakova from the Finnish (now Kareli) Sortavala. In the book, Uuno Kettunen "the History of Sortavala, 1932" we read: "...the merchant Ivan Moldakul during the visit of count (*) Berg and Senator Nordenham) became the chief representative of the city (responsible for reception and selection of housing for them). The examination vessel was painted, streets were cleaned and paved, were covered with sand yards, the road from Vaccoli sweeping brooms... Tables Laden with food and drinks. There were smoked ham and ham, Lubeck sardines, Dutch herring, Swedish cheese and confectionery; salmon and grayling were bought from Ladoga fishermen; chickens and crayfish were brought from Vyborg; jams and oranges were delivered from St. Petersburg. For cooking used spices – nutmeg, Kannel, peppers, cardamom, vanilla etc.; from drinks, but rum and vodka was a selection of wines and champagne coffee and cigars... Reception given the broken dishes cost 337 silver rubles …»
For wedding photos we see Nikolai Karlovich with the order of St. Stanislaus 3rd degree, which he was awarded for participation in the 8th company captain Nazimova Moscow in the suppression of the December armed revolt of 1905, where he received a gunshot wound to the right hand. Once again, the Semenov has proved its loyalty to the monarch. The rebellion, called by Soviet historians the "first Russian revolution", began after The physical elimination of VK Pleve, resulted in a wave of violence, theft, robbery and murder. Across the country there was an outbreak of strikes, riots and bloody ethnic clashes. Trotsky and were preparing a mass uprising against the "dictatorship", due, according to the organizers escalate into armed clashes. However, these plans were thwarted by the Semenovsky regiment. But the commander Semenov, General Georgy Min was basely assassinated by SRS 5 shots in the back in front of his wife and daughter on the bench Peterhof station.
(*Semenovsky regiment, the oldest regiment of the Russian guard, formed by Peter I in 1687 from the "funny" troops located in the village of Semenovsky near Moscow. In 1700 the regiment received the title of life guards, i.e. he was attached to the Emperor Peter III, Paul I, Alexander I, II and III, Nicholas I and II. Alexander Suvorov, for admission to the regiment, was a private 7 company, where he received his first soldier the order to be proud of life. Semenov regiment was one of the best in the Russian army, participating in almost all the iconic battles and battles with courage and bravery. The Semenov distinguished himself in the wars with Sweden, France and Turtsiia: Narva, Lesnaya, Poltava, Gangut, Austerlitz, Borodino... Welcome to the regiment was very strict about the candidate gathered detailed information, and only after studying them he was taken to the regiment).
...A strong influence on the life guard had a war. He went to the front the best forces regiment, who was always at the point of attack in the offensive, covering the rear during the withdrawal. By February 1917, compared with July 1914, in Semenovsky regiment remained less than half of the officers. Nearly one third died in battle, others were transferred to command and staff positions in the guards and army units. The same pattern was observed in the guard (the guard in the senseless slaughter of the war no doubt has cost Russia the loss of the monarchy).
Despite Kerensky's order No. 1 about the equation in the rights of officers and soldiers and creation of soldier's election committees, discipline in a regiment was supported strictly. While other parts of the eyes apart, the Semenovtsi were fighting at the front in the old way. And Nicholas von Essen by this time a Colonel, Deputy commander of the regiment, for active participation on the fronts of world war 1, for his actions and personal bravery marked 5 gold medals and medals: St. Anna 3rd degree (with swords and bow) and 4th degree with the inscription "For bravery", St. Vladimir, 4th class (with swords and bow); St. Stanislaus 3rd degree (with swords and bow). In addition he leads in his native Semenov regiment and the work of the regimental historian, Director of Museum and archives, is working on compiling a Biographical dictionary of the officers of the Semenovsky regiment, printed in the historical collections (e.g. "Synodic L.-G. Semenovsky regiment").
...And in 1917, Semenov (and other guards regiments) remained faithful to his country and, after receiving an order, would obliterate in the Bud Bolshevik vermin, as в1905. It did not happen, although the writer Alexander Kuprin warned in April:"Bolshevism must be torn from the root, before it is too late." Unfortunately, Nicholas II failed to put the country in the hole before the abyss of the liberal Bolshevik tragedy, which was bloody played out in Russia. But the former interior Minister Peter Durnovo warned Nicholas to go to war on the side of the Entente, convincing the king that the war could lead to the death of the monarchy.
Well, the Provisional government only pushed the country to revolution. The famous "Order № 1", designed to democratize the army, in fact, led to its collapse. Arising thanks to the innovations of soldiers ' power, according to General Brusilov, was the prosperity of the "trench Bolshevism."
Emperor abdicated not only for himself but for the son-heir, without having the right according to the laws of the Empire. In the muddy Wake of the revolution of the links and city suburbs there are people with a revolver in hand, with a glass in the other, with "budyenny helmets – Wootton" on the head and rushed to restore order, everyone in their own way. Those who did not accept Marx's ideology – to the wall, wavering – in the camp for reformation in the new faith. Started Mnogomernye 20-30-40 years…
Renamed by the Bolsheviks after the October revolution a "Regiment for the protection of Petrograd," and in 1919 – in the "third Soviet" Semenovtsi in may 1919 he was sent to Gatchina district against forces of General Yudenich. In the same month in the district Vary do not come to terms with the Bolsheviks, headed by V. A. Zaitsev, and N. K. von Essen, all three battalions of the regiment, shooting their Commissars, organized defected to the White Army, with which communication was established by Nikolai von Essen. That night, when the regiment moved to the side of the Whites, he toured the headquarters of the battalions and passed the time in coming Talab regiment of the North-West army of Yudenich. Here's how that moment was described by the warrant officer of the regiment, a native of the soldiers I. E. Kudryavtsev: “the October revolution we all watched as adventurism instigated by the Bolsheviks, of Lenin and other leaders of the working class believed the agents and spies of Germany. For the most part, the officers of the regiment, with the same opinion went on to Yudenich.”
In the troops of Yudenich and Semenov regiment regained its glorious name, again and again proving in the battle of steadfastness and loyalty to the Fatherland. Part Semenov fought on the southern front of the Civil war – in part of the 1st Composite guards regiment of the Volunteer Army of Denikin. Different was the fate of the Semyonovsky back Home (approximately 28% of officers). After the war, in Petrograd continued to live some officers of the guard, including those who fought in the White army. Gathering together in small companies in the apartments, they recalled the service in the regiment, the days of his glory, together visited the services in Vvedensky Cathedral, but in 1931 in the falsified case of the Leningrad counter – revolutionary organization, many of them were arrested and shot-the Bolsheviks took revenge for 1905.
And background Esseni in December 1920 he left Russia for good. They accept Estonian citizenship and live in Tartu until 1939. Here Nikolai Karlovich co-authored with Baron Georges Wrangel released in 1934 "Genealogical reference book of Baltic knights" (more than 100 pedigrees). But it is, so to say, hobby, officially von Essen to feed the family works in the office of a Shoe factory. His wife, Raisa Gustavovna, after graduating from The Tartus Conservatory, leads the Department of musical criticism in the Russian newspaper. Her sister Anna and Nikolai Mikhailovich von Essen live in Tallinn, where Nicholas works as Director of the factory "Franz Krull" (*today the plant "Engine", ruined and bankrupt).

 

Immediately after the war, thanks to the efforts of the Swedish background Essens, both families moved to Sweden in Uppsala, where today lives the only one of them – Irina N. von Essen. And her cousin, the only son of Anna and Nicholas Mikhailovich background Asenov, Vladimir, 22, was killed in 1944 in the Balkans, commanding a reconnaissance company of the Wehrmacht.
... The Orthodox monarchy is the best form of government in Russia. Our kings and emperors did not care about personal benefits, but about the power and prosperity of the multinational state of Russia and the history of the Russian people is the triumph and brilliant results of the reforms carried out by the autocrats. If not for the mistakes of some members of the Royal family, not the conspirators and the coalition with their race for power in Russia today the rules would be the Emperor.
... The eldest son of Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich, Kirill Vladimirovich was born in Tsarskoye Selo in 1876. After graduating from the naval cadet corps and the Nikolaev naval Academy, having gone to the Navy from Midshipman to rear Admiral, on January 1, 1904 he became the head of the naval Department of the staff of the commander of the fleet in the Pacific Vice Admiral Makarov, next to whom was at the time of his death on March 31, 1904 in the explosion of the flagship ship "Petropavlovsk". The Grand Duke, despite heavy wounds, remained alive. Later, for courage he was awarded the Golden arms. In 1909-1912 the Grand Duke served on the cruiser "Oleg", the last year — the commander, and since 1913 — in the guards crew. The mayor of Petrograd, Mr. A. Balk, testified that on February 27, 1917 the Grand Duke offered the military Minister General Belyaev and commander of the Petrograd military district General Khabalov his Guards crew to fight the riots. When his proposals were not accepted, he, together with his uncle, Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich, had developed a plan to save the throne of Emperor Nicholas II by partial concessions to the moderate wing of the revolutionaries. Since the appeal of the provisional government of February 28, 1917 proclaimed the inviolability of the autocracy, the Grand Duke on March 1 arrived at the Taurida Palace to give at the disposal of the only functioning in Petrograd state body — the Duma its Guards Crew. At the same time, together with Grand Duke Pavel Alexandrovich, he participated in the preparation of the draft Manifesto, which they wanted to hand over for signature to Nicholas II. When on March 8, 1917 the provisional government gave the order on arrest of Nikolay Aleksandrovich Romanov and his family, Kirill Vladimirovich in protest resigned. Soon he illegally left for Finland which then still remained as a part of the Russian Empire where at it the son Vladimir was born. Here was calm and close, if suddenly turned up would be able to come back and lead the country. Then lived in Germany, Switzerland, France. During the Civil war in Russia 1917-1923 Kirill was looking for possible ways to restore the monarchy. For this purpose he met the General Mannerheim, sent the representative to Yudenich, conducted negotiations with some German generals. After the execution by the Bolsheviks in 1918 in Yekaterinburg Nicholas II and his family, as well as his brother Mikhail Alexandrovich, Kirill Vladimirovich was a senior member of the dynasty and August 31, 1924 as a senior representative of the dynasty proclaimed himself head of the Imperial house of the Romanovs. While in exile, Kirill helped the unemployed, took care of Russian refugees. The hatred of the Soviet people, he strictly condemned, giving advantage of people's labor. "The divine Providence, the throne of the kings, the work of the people — these are the forces that will lead Russia back to the bright days. It is not necessary to destroy any institutions called by life, but it is necessary to turn away from those that desecrate the human soul," he wrote. "I have repeatedly confirmed that my faith in the Russian people is unwavering," he said in 1931, " I have always been convinced that communism will heal itself, and its ruins will grow new living forces of the people, who will take power into their own hands. These forces will put Russia on the path of rebirth and create a great future for it. My task is to help identify these Russian people's forces." Kirill died on October 12, 1938 — the effects of wounds received at the death of "Petropavlovsk". Together with his wife, Empress Victoria Fedorovna (born Princess Victoria of great Britain, Ireland and Saxe-Coburg-goth Victoria-Melita), he was buried in Coburg (Germany) in the family tomb of the Dukes of Saxe-Coburg-Goth. On March 7, 1995 their remains were solemnly reburied in the Grand-Ducal tomb of Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg.

The heir of the "Kirillov" line of candidates for supremacy in The Russian Imperial house was his son Vladimir Kirillovich, recognized in this capacity by the majority of the members of the Romanov house who lived at that time, and today his grandson-the heir to the crown Prince Georgy Mikhailovich Romanov 25 years. He is young, handsome, full of ideas and plans. He has a fine education, high historical mission, desire to return to Russia: "... I perceive the title as a duty of service of Russia... we hope – that our state will define the relation to the Imperial House as to historical Institute. After all, in almost all countries, including in Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Albania, reigned dynasties created the conditions for their return and a modest but decent living. I am convinced that the monarchy is the most appropriate state system for Russia, which was formed as a monarchy and remained it for over a thousand years. The period of the Republic brought to our country civil war and genocide, collapse of economy and territorial disintegration. But our family will never agree to restore the monarchy against the will of the people. Although, in my opinion, the monarchy is quite a modern system, which does not contradict democracy, freedom and well-being, but is the guarantor of these values... the Emperor-Martyr Nicholas II, his family and their faithful servants were the victims of political repression. They were shot on the verdict of the Ural Council. This sentence recognized the right of the Central Executive Committee. And so far it has not been legally abolished. We – the citizens of the Russian state, and our conscience can't accept the fact that our relatives, who also revered the saints, from a legal point of view remain for the state, "crowned robbers and executioners." As long as the Royal family is not rehabilitated, we have no guarantee that this horror will not repeat not only for us, but also for each of the citizens of Russia."
"...By the middle of this century, Russia will dominate Europe both politically and economically and financially, "independent French economist Edmond Teri wrote in his book Russia in 1914. Economic survey.» Before the First world war, Russia was 28 percent ahead of Argentina, Canada and America in the production of staple foods combined (*today we buy almost all products abroad), and how much coal and oil were produced, metallurgy was developing with leaps and bounds!. Its factories could produce everything from samovars and bicycles to submarines and aircraft. Literacy in Russia was 70 per cent, and by 1922 there should have been no illiterate people left. Bread cost 3 pennies a pound (pound of 409.5 g), sugar – COP. 12-17 lb, meat and 15 kopeks a pound... Professional worker received per month 344 of the ruble, the doctor is 240 rubles, teacher – 210 rubles, engineer– 200 rubles. What else!
During the Stolypin reform peasants to emigrate to Siberia, free of charge was given as much land as you can handle. They were allocated a Bank loan for 51 years at 2%, and the state partially covered the loan! Farmers are so rich that they could write a tractor from America! (*Is it possible to compare with "democratic" reforms of the present day, when a citizen taking the credit, such as the apartment, satabase for life and pays the amount with extortionate interest, in fact, becoming a slave to the Bank?!) P. A. Stolypin, whose ideas are so needed by Russia today, said: "the State can, the state is obliged, when it is in danger, to adopt the most stringent, most exclusive laws to protect itself from disintegration... Opponents of statehood would like to choose the path of radicalism, the path of liberation from Russia's historical past, liberation from cultural traditions. They need great upheavals, we need a Great Russia!»
The population of Russia under the monarchy increased by 3 million 174 thousand people a year. People had hope, that's why they gave birth! (*What is the increase today if the mortality rate exceeds the birth rate for years?!) Until the XX century human society was divided into classes, each of which had its purpose and duties. This is recorded in the oldest sacred books of mankind, created long before the birth of Christ. And all ages the strict hierarchy was observed. However, in the XX century the age-old laws of human existence were violated, and the world is flooded with blood. The consequences of red terror are particularly clear in our time. According to the calculations of D. Mendeleev, the population of Russia by the middle of the XX century was to be half a billion people. But the population of our country today is just over 140 million. (*Today the state power should not only control and re-nationalize many branches of the national economy and economy of Russia, but also support the ethnic population of the Russian people. We need a moral ideal, not chaos and permissiveness of modern democracy).
Today, the monarchical idea is growing in popularity; the only way for Russia to end the transition period with minimal losses is the restoration of the Russian monarchy as a system of organizing power. The monarchy is a stability of power system, it is a refusal of convulsive searches of the next "successor". The President, even elected for two, even three terms, is a temporary, "Caliph for an hour", he is concerned only with the welfare and future of his family, and he basically does not care about the country and the people living in it, he thinks:"the next behind me will come, let him understand." The monarch cares about the country he is going to give heir. He can't ruin it, or his son won't get anything. Restoration of the ruling dynasty, related ties with all monarchies of Europe (great Britain, Spain, Holland, Belgium, Denmark, Sweden, Norway), will allow to realize "diplomacy of monarchs", more effective, than usual and will essentially raise prestige and the status of Russia, and also will allow to formulate idea which will unite society and will prompt it on revival of the country which is exhausted since 1917 from Bolshevism, and since 1991 – from liberoids. RUSSIA – ORTHODOX MONARCHY !
Hostage Yak-Islands
Alexander Andreyevich PEC (1821-1866) was the founder of our Kem branch. In Revizsky fairy Tales in Arkhangelsk on November 18, 1857 recorded: "Alexander A. PEC 37, merchant III, Guild, announced a special capital in 1849, his wife Emilia, 34 years; children — Vladimir 2 years; Daria — 5.5 years; Matilda — 3 years; Emilia — 6 months" (*my great-grandfather Ingvar-Nicholas would be born after 4 years).
In 1862, Alexander A. received an invitation from a wealthy Vyatka merchant Mikhail Kardakov to take the place of supervisor of his future sawmill 9 miles from the city of Kemi on the Yak-island, as Kourdakov received the right to harvest timber in state forests Kem basin. They immediately started logging and acquisition of equipment for the plant. By 1865, the plant was mainly built, and the steam engine was delivered to the Yak island.
In July of 1866 a steam sawmill Michael Kondakova was brought to bear. In one stone building were installed a steam engine at 90 horsepower, and the second hole with 5 boilers. In the wooden building there were 3 sawmills and several edging and circular saws. It was the first-class enterprise in which, "on revocation of technicians, the machine device belongs to number of the best in Russia".
The emergence of the new enterprise was met with hostility by the competitors and the first British company "Onega forest bargain", to exterminate the Northern forest from 1750-ies of the XVIII century and tried to start the commercial development of the forests of the Karelian Pomerania in the early 50-ies of the XIX century.
Officials of the Arkhangelsk chamber of state property was on the side of "Onega bargaining" and constantly repaired all sorts of obstacles Konakovo. So, please Kondakova of permission to sell timber in the same navigation has been buried in the wilds of bureaucratic correspondence. The Director of the Forest Department loshkariov realized the absurdity of this red tape (the plant was built, deposits made, etc.) and the Telegraph reported the resolution Konakovo to sell lumber. However, in response, he receives a detailed report from Arkhangelsk chamber that the plant is actually built, but Konakovo sent the attitude that he proved their rights to the plant, the Forester proposed to account for Board, etc. In a regular relationship (24.09.1866 years) Arkhangelsk bureaucrats triumphantly reported that the resolution Konakovo on the export of timber can be given, but the navigation is over. Indeed, the navigation has ended. All the factory products have Kondakova remained dead capital, and in the winter had logging. And here, not taken all these troubles, he died at 46 years of living a faithful assistant Kondakova Alexander A. PEC, the Manager of the sawmill, the first in the Karelian Pomerania. Financial difficulties Kondakova benefited from the owners of Onega and Arkhangel plants. Bills Kondakova were bought and contested, and he was in debtor's prison and, finding no protection in the spring of 1868 he died. The decision of the Senate, the sawmill was taken over by the Treasury, canned and over time have come into complete disrepair. Currently, the Yak-island population collects from the forest, survived the Foundation for the sawmill, a piece of the Foundation of the boiler house and swimming pool for fresh water (to feed the boilers), which the people of Rabocheostrovsk called "Jordan". The family of Alexander the PEC, left without a breadwinner, was in an awkward position, and care was taken by the merchant of the II Guild Teodor Iogannovich, Hoevelaken, married to two sisters of Alexander: first, in the Charlotte-August, who died in the first year of marriage, and then Yulia Andreevna PEC. (*The grave of Theodor I. Hoevelaken remained in Arkhangelsk).

(*They have lived and grew up in Arkhangelsk, my grandmother Lydia PEC, and when she married, Kem supply came from Arkhangelsk dowry for niece from aunts, and every thing was the label: "Lydia PEC". Grandma remembered them until his death). Emilia Alexandrovna PEC was buried in Hamburg, and Matilda Alexandrovna – in the area of Berlin Babelsberg, where her daughter took her after her sister's death. IDA Robertovna herself lived to be 93 years old, but, unfortunately, we have no information about her descendants.
Henry Meyer – ELTZ writes in his work, which was led by IDA R., Hiller (Clapton) in 1968, long-term correspondence. She was 90 years old, and she presented him with a notebook of memories she had written at an advanced age. And here are excerpts from this notebook:
” ...My mom ( *Matilda A. PEC) often told us that you have pure blood, but then we didn't understand what it is. It was like all Germans are married to each other, the children born ill, blind or deaf. Some themselves were to blame, because, that so they lived. Old men warned young people, those who wanted to marry: "don't always need to eat from the same pot!” In General, family archangelical were healthy and viable and gave the world a surprising number of able-bodied individuals. Many of them lived to a very old age.
... From James William happen all those living today Claptone. He was born in 4,12,1833. James was originally engaged to his cousin anetta Elizabeth Clafton. But she soon noticed that James pays more attention to her sister Adelaide, and asked him to marry her sister. The wedding took place in 10.9.1861.he worked in the Commission on hemp and flax on the Arkhangelsk stock exchange. He was talented in many ways and created a significant fortune. He knew a lot about construction. Under his leadership, was rebuilt marine officers ' school. He was in charge of building a house for his cousin Robert. Both the construction site was called the yards and were located in the neighborhood. Later, James bought from Robert is located here rope factory. To the possessions of the James belonged to the fields, where among other was planted barley. Cakes of barley enjoyed much success in Arkhangelsk…
... William Clifton had six children. His oldest son, named after his father, was baptized by William. At the time of the death of his father, young William lived with his wife in Onega, where he worked with his brother-in-law Hellebrandt. His wife's name was Nellie, Gellibrand. By his father he moved the little house and rope factory in Arkhangelsk under the condition that William will take care of his mother and unmarried sister, Annette Elizabeth. But William wished to remain in Onega and gave up his inheritance. His wife gave him three children: Katerina, who was called Katia, studied languages and the work of Telegraph. In St. Petersburg, she received a place of private telegraphist mother Empress Maria Feodorovna, who was a Danish Princess. At the same time, Katya had to learn Danish besides Russian, German, English and French. In the court Kate had authority, received a large salary and many gifts.
Alice was very short-sighted, worked in the Duma of St. Petersburg. She did such a brilliant career, like her sister Kate, but was kind and sweet woman. After the revolution, both sisters announced that they were British subjects and, still unmarried, left for England. Their mother had already died by then.
Lernard, they called him lenny, gave his mother a lot of trouble. School he was given. His uncle, Gellibrand took him out of school and left to work in the firm. But being childless, Hellebrandt not know how to handle kids. Gellibrand, Leonard paid a good salary to support his mother and sister Leonard. But Leonard made money with his friends. Uncle, quickly flew into a rage, sent Leonard to Australia, where he had commercial relations. Being still quite immature for independent living Leonard there, and probably fell. About once a year he wrote to his mother, who did not know the conditions in which he lived.
... Robert Clafton, my father was born on 25,10,1835. He went to Church school in Arkhangelsk, then found a place in the firm “Gribanov, Fontaines Ko”. To obtain the necessary commercial license, Robert took Russian citizenship. He made trips deep into Russia. Goods were transported to Vologda, where they were stored until spring, and then they went to Arkhangelsk down the river on the barks. Robert often accompanied these transports. Loaded barges carried only by the current. If the current was weak, and the wind was favorable, then such a journey could last for a month.
After his father's death, Robert accepted his father's inheritance, rejected by brother William, and related obligations. In place of the small house Robert built a large in 1869 He commissioned the construction of his cousin James, because he could not care about this in connection with their travel. The necessary funds were presented by the chief Robert Gribanov, who highly appreciated it. Subsequently Robert created ia the basis of this considerable fortune, but lost most of it because he had to vouch for his brother-in-law – Heinrich Kellerman. Very comfortable at that time house, from one end belonged to his mother and sister, and from the other – to him /Robert/, who then thought about marriage. He married only in forty years /1875 – 1876/ on my mother, then 19 year old Matilda PEC. Her father, i.e. my grandfather Alexander A. PEC was infamous, because he loved to kiss the bottle. Marriage to Mathilde was not accepted by the family and communication, including business with the neighboring yard stopped/ James/. When James visited the silver wedding anniversary of Robert and Matilda, it was an outstanding event.

Robert and Matilda had two daughters, Emma and I – IDA. I was born 24.09.1877 propulsion Mother promised, that I will visit ecclesiastical school in Arkhangelsk. But the school has already been closed by the Russian authorities. And I attended a ” Кleppschulе”. It was a private training organized by Julia Mayer, who was called aunt Julchen, with the support of her sister Emmilia Mayer, aunt Emmy, who was very popular in the city. But it did not give the right to attend high school. That's why I switched to Russian school. More thanks to chance, I became a kindergarten teacher. At first children of relatives with whom I had to play and speak German were collected. Then children began to come more, and groups were organized. When pastor Krause organized the kindergarten, it was copied from my place. To get an official permit, I had to give a few trial classes in the Russian men's gymnasium.
I got engaged to a 34-year-old Benedict/Benno/ Hiller who soon married me. As Hiller was a native of Riga, we moved in 1923 from Arkhangelsk to Riga... In 1939 my mother Matilda Aleksandrovna Clapton, buried in Hamburg aunt Emilia Alexandrovna PEC and moved to Berlin.
...With age, Annette Elizabeth was, like many other archangelica large originally. Making daily walks with the General Alma Mochalova (*the wife of the General-the major Nikolay Illarionovich Mochalov), they walked not near each other, and one after another, talking in German, and very loudly. When they went for a walk, at home it was called: "the train left!"After the 1st world war Anneta did not get permission to leave. She felt very abandoned at that time, as many of her relatives and friends have gone abroad. She got sick and lost her hair. Soon after that she died in Arkhangelsk.

... Archangel means earth angel, located at the mouth of the Dvina river, where the river breaks into several sleeves and forms many Islands. Near the Archangel, the river makes a bend on which the city is built so that the streets in it are also curved. The river, first street, has a large bend, the second Trinity Avenue, already a lot straighter, and St. Petersburg, the Avenue is almost straight. But between these two streets, starting from the town hall, there is another short street – Pskov Avenue. The last so-called ” new streets”, Novgorod and Kostroma a lot shorter than the first. So, following on them, end of the city, you can reach your goals faster. The city is a "sixth mile" and villages. On the high Bank of Dvina there is a house of Peter I,protected by an superstructure and often visited by tourists, Although it is a big question whether the house was built by the king himself.
The large island of Solombala was connected to the city by a floating bridge every spring. Here was the port, where foreigners for many years led a lively trade, mainly trading in timber, grain and other goods.
Archangel lies on the right, high Bank of the Dvina, although every street has a storm drain leading to the river. On such drains water to the city didn't arrive, and it was necessary to carry water buckets / only then carried out a water supply system/. The residents had to walk on the water. From the rich to do, there was a wagon or sled, on which was a barrel. The poor drove the water on the sled or carried in buckets. The clothes were rinsed in the river.
In Solombala, separated from the town by the sleeve of the Daugava river, there the shore was low, and each year the river was out of its banks and flooded the entire island, the Water flooded the basements and lower floors, bringing a lot of damage. I have twice had the opportunity to survive the flood in Solombal. First time with the Schmidt family.
Ms. Ernestine Schmidt-PEC went on the boat and handed out bread and produce to the poor. Her daughter Paula is my girlfriend and I rode a boat to Mymax. It was interesting, though eerie. The path ran through the forest. Water climbed so highly, that small poles, camped on the edge of sidewalks, were almost not are visible. The second time I lived with my cousin Tilly, Guttormsen. She lived on the ground floor.

We got out the window to the boat and sailed along the street. During the ice drift to the city could not swim. The break-up was so intense that ice formed whole mountains. Before the debacle they made a bet / lottery/. For money it was possible to predict when the ice drift will begin. The one who predicted the correct hours, receive the money.
... Germans - that is a common name for those archangels who gravitated to the German school and Church. Some of them were non-Russian, but not of German origin. Most of them accepted Russian citizenship and was loyal to the Russian government. Pastors and teachers were for the most part from abroad. Once the German pastor began to pray for”our German Kaiser Wilhelm II". Soon our Church employee went to the Governor and complained. So we got rid of this disrespectful pastor. If someone needed help or someone was collecting that money, the Germans always gave the largest amount. For example, we didn't have an electric tram. The money was given for this purpose by the Germans. Mayor William Hoevelaken, our distant relative took care that this tram let to line. As same all were happy, when our Urban Head the first have driven on it on city,
Not only men, but also German women worked for the benefit of the city. So ladies Shergold, Paehtz, Surkov, etc. took care of one orphanage in Archangel, and on the other in Solombala. When the city was to be held a lottery in favor of children's shelters, they all worked in different parts of the city with cards and tickets. The ladies visited the shelters on a weekly basis and made sure that everything was in order. The case involved young people.
Of course, that the Germans cared about themselves, about how to preserve the German language and not to forget it. In the old German school, where my parents studied, were specially assigned to the ladies who spoke with the children at recess in German, English, French. All subjects were taught in German. But it was forbidden, and eventually the school was closed. Later it was opened again, but it was allowed to teach only in Russian. Unfortunately, I had to go to school when the German school was closed. So I went to a Russian gymnasium with my sister. Very rich parents sent their boys to St. Petersburg in German Annenschule and Petricola. There they lived in boarding houses…»
Unfortunately, to find the entire book of memories of the cousin of my grandmother until I can not. But they also give us an idea of the life of the archangels.
The elder brother of my great-grandfather, Vladimir A. PEC at that time lived in St. Petersburg at the Bypass channel 99, and was an employee of the plant "Astra". She was married to a Mrs. Oblak, had a daughter Willie. We have no other information about him and his family.

Proud Ingvar

​

The youngest son of Alexander-Ingvard-Nikolai Alexandrovich PEC (1861-1918), my great-grandfather, had to go to Germany to relatives, where he lived, studied and even served 7 years in the Reichswehr. Was already rich bride Louise Inguard. Man is proud, he didn't want to depend on her money and went back to Kem to earn some status. First translator port (knew 6 languages), and then moved on to the sawmill on Popov island assistant upravlyayuschego from his cousin William Hoevelaken. In January 1888, Kem, the city Council has passed Popov island rental Arkhangelsk merchants Shergold E. I. and A. Surkov. On the island of merchants, built the 8-frame saw mill: steam-engines - 8, sawmills "Bolinder" – 8, edging and circular sawing machines – 18 pieces, lathes machine tools— 3 pieces, benches— 4 pieces, in Addition to the sawmill on Popov island had a school, a first-aid station, telephone, two clubs (popular and "noble"), a residential building. In December 1888 here began sawing logs coming to the plant rafting on the river Kem. Two years after the opening of the sawmill, 13 foreign vessels visited its berths and the number of them grew every year.
Deep-water lip of the White sea, on the shore of which the plant is located, made it possible to dock and large-tonnage ships. Huge stocks of wood in the region and good cheap ways of an alloy of logs promoted fast increase in volumes of production of timber – the world famous "the white sea Board differing in special durability. At the beginning of XX century over 100 thousand logs were sawn every year at the KEMA sawmill. Expanding business, the owners of the enterprise has created a joint-stock company "Association KEMA sawmill plants," sawmills", the main shareholders of which were German and Dutch merchants E. I. Shergold, E. E., brunt, E. Lindes and VV Hoevelaken. The plant's products are mainly exported in England, Belgium and Germany.
Our great-grandfather Ingvard PEC, the Commissioner for logging, riding his" Serko "with a ready-to-use rifle" Mauser " behind, went to the villages, agreed with the peasants on the felling and rafting on the river Kem sawmill. In the summer of 1888 in the village View-the river (near Avneporog) Ingvar saw 15-year-old beauty karelka Elena Prohorovna Popov, a native of D., Panozero, and asked will she marry him. She kind of jokingly replied, "Why not". Ingvar left, but left the uncle of Helen the sack of flour semolina, to have a baby niece. There is love at first sight—a year Ingvar came back to her, wearing her gold ring and said, "Les, now we're engaged!""That ring I as bewitched, — she said many years later his granddaughter Anfisa Semenova, — but if I then at least knew something about Louise."
Young soon began to live in his house in the village of Podujatie, each with its own bathroom, was a servant, economy. At the age of 18, Elena PEC often goes to Church and begs the Lord for children. Interested priest poduzhemskogo parish father Gabriel (Yashin) asking a woman, gives her advice: "To have children, you do not need to sleep in different rooms, and with her husband." The husband was told everything, the servant was immediately dismissed, and 8 people were born. First born girls, copies of Inguard, relatives loved them very much. For the holidays in the carriage Hoevelaken children Podujatia carried on Popov island. A large two-storey Manager's house can accommodate all the relatives. (*More recently, this house was a nursery, and his wife Alexandra Kostina drove there the great-grandchildren of Inguard). During the summer, all Hoevelaken and Gerrity had fun on picnics to the waterfalls will be Squeezed and VOCA through Podujatie. Ingvar surprisingly was hospitable, simple people. Put used in your carriage in Kemi poduzhemskaya attendants, and he goes to the village on foot. In 1897 his great-grandfather wrote a petition to the reckoning with his family to the peasants Poduzhemskaya parish Kem uyezd, and the exception, therefore, of the burghers of the Great Ustyug. He was now permanently live in the village of Podujatie and be responsible for the rent of the waterfall Wgmy (passing the waterfall rafting, salmon fishing and pearl). In the minutes of the General meeting of shareholders of the partnership KEMA sawmills for 1901, for example, expenditure for the rent Ugmi determined in 300 roubles.

Where pine trees stand giants, where mighty rivers flow

​Podujatie is an old village, a fabulous place. From Kem historian G. S. Sannikov find one of the first mentions of the village. This: "This" Aksinya Fedorova S. podujatie from the Solovetsky monastery on the grounds in Kem parish" from 21.09. 1571года: "lo, I Aksinya Fedorova Fedorova daughter son Andronov from Podujatia, gave I to the monastery of Solovki, the grandfather and the father his th Fedor Fedorov son polacca land, fishing at sea and in the river, and saltwater rivers, and places, and with the marine parnami and do in the grandfather on its Fedorov, father Fyodor, Yes brother Simon, but for their souls eternal funeral."

(*Until 1764, many rivers and Toni – fishing spots in the bays and gullies of the White and Barents seas, belonged to the Solovetsky monastery and Trinity-Sergius Lavra).
4 may 1910 for the priest of the Annunciation Cathedral of the city of Kemi father Vasily (Melentiev) wrote: "Podujatie by the number of yards is one of the biggest villages of Karelia... the Local Karelians — the people sharp-witted, well speaking in Russian... the village has a parish Church, school and parish Board of Directors..." . Poduzhemskaya Edinoverie parish consisted of the village of Podujatie, which until February 12, 1892 (DK decree No. 1426) was part of Kemsky Cathedral parish. Initially, the village had only an old chapel, built at the expense of the Solovetsky monastery. In 1892 propulsion she was converted in the Church of the Transfiguration, and the Edinoverie clergy was in Kemi in common faith Baptist Church, by order of the diocesan authorities, moved to the village Podujatie. The order was due, on the one hand, the lack of co-religionists in the town of Kemi, on the other — the desire of the inhabitants of the village of Podujatia.
On August 28 at the favorite Podujatie celebrated the feast day of the Dormition, which was held in the town "Taival". Even on the farm this day was declared a weekend. There were guests from other villages, the fishermen brought salmon, women used to make fish soup and fish, baked from cloudberries, cranberries, blueberries, then brought hot ones. During the feast, lots of singing and dancing. The youth with the pleasure of dancing the modern dances, the waltz and the Foxtrot, and the elderly prefer more relaxed dancing, such as "utukku". Was the glade of games: rounders, leap frog, in the winter tobogganing. Someone drove the pole in the center of the clearing and attached to the sled. The merry-go-round turned out, entertaining both children and adults. On the day of Ivan Kupala broke birch branches, made them brooms, which then steamed in the bath. Brooms throwing in the river, wondering at the same time: if the broom drowned, threw it had to die this year. Life around the icy sea has made the people industrious and honest, patient, and intrepid, accustomed to look boldly into the face of death. In Podujatie people were open, helpful and kind. They could not indifferently pass by someone else's grief. Farming here has been a little scarce land yield is rich in furs and game of the forest, Kem-the river was full of red and white fish – and the inhabitants largely live, winter is long cold, summer is short and bright.

In Podujatie lived a wealthy life, but spacious, home built solid, more wealthy people – even two-storey houses. On the ground floor kept firewood, hay and barrels of berries, salted fish and mushrooms. Kept in the village poultry, pigs, sheep, goats, horses and cows. The shortage of hay, the cattle fed white reindeer moss, macerating it in Navara from the entrails and heads of cod. Flourished carpentry and carpentry, spinning and weaving, made from birch bark baskets, purses, pesteri, baskets, salt shakers, wood – spinning wheel, churn and much more. A small boat – the boat could make almost every owner, but was in Podujatie wizard, famous in the entire North region, able to build even large, durable and beautiful ships – Kochi, able to lift up to 2-2,5 thousand pounds of cargo (*Koch – the traditional Pomor ship (prohibited construction by Peter I was well adapted to swimming in ice). Their services are used not only coast-dwellers – the inhabitants of the neighboring villages, but ceresana, Valsugana, masenza, residents of Solovki and Arkhangelsk and even the British and the Germans. Pole masters did not use any drawings or plans, and were guided by the work of traditional skills and innate flair.
Grisha Semenov told how his father built the Norwegian sea ate: "...in the woods he found craneway strong spruce, with small dense ring, have made her keel. From smooth, sturdy and smooth pine father made boards for the sides and two of them dried. Then soaked in the river, dried, wet again, so they are easier to profile, planing by hand. This Board then you'll never dry out and the leak will not. Pine resin ground, ate this faithfully served his father for many years in Murmansk…»
In Podujatie on the regular calendar superimposed calendar field, where the wealth of the future catch was judged according to the lunar phases. There was a sign that the fish is well caught in the morning or evening dawn before the birth of the moon. Or this: “a Lot of ash – a lot of salmon”. (*Until now, when Pomor says "fish", he means only salmon). "The sea is our field", — said the coast-dwellers, and the failure to catch meant how would a poor harvest of bread, since all their life was based on catching river and sea fish – cod, salmon, herring and to a lesser degree, navaga, flounder, coruche. It was not easy to get fish-nurse. Residents of Kemi and Podujatia was not satisfied with fishing in the White sea. Being in Murmansk, they saw that in certain periods of its banks shoals of capelin, followed by the – cod, haddock, halibut and catfish. Sailed Pomors “by faith” according to old superstition, relying on memory and the correct signs. Only a few had inherited notebooks (lots), where dangerous chalk and thresholds, convenient and safe havens were noted. Eight hundred miles of the shores of the Murman coast – just a stone covered with moss. From the ship the immigrants from Europe to see the bleak desert. Along the shore are scattered in different distances from each other rare fishing "encampments". They are empty and boarded up tightly in winter, but in summer is full of life. From ancient times to the Murman coast from Cape Svyatoy nos (river Iokanga) to the Kola coast-dwellers lips were 40 such encampments: Varzino, Kharlovka, Zyp-Navolok, bell, Teriberka, etc. with the huts (mills), mud huts (Skei) for salting and storing fish, with barns for the storage of gear. Cod, haddock and halibut caught tiers, huge hook gear up to 12 miles long. Having good vessels, gear and fishing experience in the White sea, Pomors managed to adjust fishing in the open Barents sea at a distance of 3-5, and in quiet weather 15-20 versts from the coast. The first time the cod was manufactured only in the summer, after the ice cleared the White sea. Fishermen on boats came to Murmansk and were engaged in catching two-three months, and in August-September left in the villages. Noting that in the spring months, beginning in March, there is accumulated more fish than in summer, Pomors started to leave the fishery “land”, with the expectation to come in encampments on the eve of the run. Fishermen who went on the spring fishery, called “Veshnyaki”. In early March, when the North is raging blizzards, from the white sea villages, touched in a way Industrialists, carrying Luggage, clothes and provisions on small sleds – every year went coast-dwellers earn their daily bread – cod through the Kandalaksha and a Coke to the sacred places of the fishery. The Kola Peninsula inside is almost deprived of population, housing is rare. Therefore, all the way through the snowy desert Industrialists have to spend the night in the open air, warming only by the fire, and a lot of “hangers – twists ” frozen on the Murmansk track. Finally, they reach the Murman and his opinions. The mill is made of imported tesa and equipped with a large Russian oven. Right and left are bunks. Placed here for up to 30 people, and even immediately dry gear, clothing and footwear – the stuffiness is terrible.
Going to places tarred in the naval campaigns Pomeranian Libertines. Work in Putin without shouts and without looking back on time. Here get severe hardening future sailors – Plovers. The Outpost had no power: no warden in tsarist times, nor a policeman in the Soviet era. Complete freedom of action in Manila, the people in this distant region, and vodka with brazenly to drink relish in bad weather, to break away, as they say, it was possible to complete the program. Some encampments, caught in convenient places for fishing and trade, over time, turned into large villages. Those were the fishing villages of Gavrilovo and Teriberka in Murmansk, the Varzuga and Kuzomen ' on the Terskij coast, famous for salmon fishing and the annual Nikolskaya fair, which the fishers took fish, furs, and walrus ivory.

Hunted Karelia – Pomors on seals and seal near the island of Necheva and the Holy of the Nose and throat of the White sea, the white whale, a sea hare, walrus, and polar bear on Vaigach, Kolguev, Svalbard and other polar Islands, where they had to spend the winter in felled in haste huts, long awaiting the approach of the herds of seals. To pass the long winter evenings in the artels invited storytellers of epics and storytellers who received for their art a certain share of production. There was a case in Podujatie in the mid-19th century. Our relative Grigory Semenov was hunting with the gang in the New Earth and strongly quarreled with his friends, and they left him alone with a small supply of provisions for the winter. Sailed in the spring of fishers saw on the Bank runs their countrymen, whose heart could not stand joy – and then he died before he could tell us how he managed to single-handedly withstand the terrible winter. Hunting is a risky business. In the Church before leaving, she ordered a prayer for health, baked and given a special food “uzhnu” and “temnyk”. Very often came from the field sad news: the jammed ice that swept into the sea, that was missing. Danger lay in wait for the hunters every step of the way. But the coast-dwellers, fearlessly exploring the wealth of the Northern seas, in the XIV -XV centuries were even in Greenland. They wrote a glorious page in the history of the Northern navigation.
In the autumn, in the period Margaritinskaya fair fishers came to Arkhangelsk from all camps, and some of them came this time from Norway, where they annually took bread, hemp products, cereals, bartering them for salt, cod, Altesino, reindeer skins and more. That just was not fair! Sacks of grain and flour, new sleds, wagons, wheels, harness, arc, tubs, barrels, gangs, buckets wooden, basket-plethi goetia of pine and birch bark, Sabanci, baskets, spinning wheels, brushes to wash the wool, sharpening, blades sharpening KOs, forgings miscellaneous: tongs, knives, diggers, spades, pitchforks, scythes-pink, sickles, axes – you name it. There are vegetables, meat, butter on the sidelines of the trade rows. In early October, Pomors returned with the purchased goods to his native village.
... Austere beauty of Podujatia and its environs — granite rocks, swamps, forests. But forget it, looking at the daring beauty Kem, carrying its many waters in the White sea. Stone ridges and rocky Islands make the river rush from side to side, wriggle, split into sleeves.
Governor A. N. Engelhard in 1897 got to Poduzhemye in the boat: "steering and rowers in the boat were only women; courage and dexterity with which they operated the boat, amazing — at the slightest mistake the boat could hit the rock, and then, of course, goodbye: swim out of this riot is impossible. As awkward as I was in front of the women to refuse, but another time unnecessarily I will try to avoid such visits…»

Went early legends about the huge waterfall Uima. Forever raging, foaming, impetuous, he broke into splinters the beam 8 inches thick, and came close to him, felt the shaking of the earth. Nevertheless, salmon rapidly ran up to this threshold, and where she can not swim, jumped over obstacles. Noise Uzmi was quite well heard in the 1.5-2 km at the far end of the village of Podujatie. And the vision of the waterfall was well out of the village. For strength and power held Ugamsky waterfall first place in Karelia (known worldwide Kivach was only 6). Travelers who visited white sea Karelia, admired the waterfall Ugma, which, according to M. N. Maclay: "... in its beauty and picturesque location will not yield known Kivach and Imandra in Finland..." vividly described Ugamsky waterfall I. V. Olenev in 1917: "Whole hordes of seething waves in a chaotic demon right naskakivaya one another, sometimes highly knocked up, scatter the clouds of diamond spray and silver foam, and rushing down with great rapidity, as if hurrying to get away from this terrible place. Two round black granite rocks, surviving by some miracle, among the rapids, see fabulous bands, and it seems that these rocks bounce in place under the pressure of the restless element. Circle the earth trembles and spreads such a roaring noise, that for ten steps you only see the open mouth of your interlocutor, but can't hear his voice no matter how loudly he may scream... Engineer, manufacturing measuring Uzmi on behalf of the Arkhangelsk merchant VV Hoevelaken, the working force of the waterfall was estimated at 150 thousand horsepower. Generally Ugma by the force of the falling water and the General impression is hardly inferior to Imatra…»
In 1915 Petrozavodsk-Murmansk railway crossed the Kem river. But, contrary to popular belief, the locals wasn't happy about it. On the contrary, the builders were not allowed to stand or take from them such money that they moved out themselves, did not sell them products and even sometimes did not let on the construction site. In General, fought for every square centimeter of land, which they wanted to take away. Northerners felt trouble, they were afraid that citizens will only bring harm, and benefit from them won't be. And what is poduzece were right. A General Pavlov immediately bought the waterfall will be Squeezed. His calculation was to tame the waterfall by building a hydroelectric power station and a paper mill on it. This deal was legal until 1917, but did not happen. Podujatie got a temporary reprieve.
But in 1932, at the threshold Squeezed came the prospectors. They began to drill the shore and the isthmus between the river and the reach above the falls, to ascertain the nature of the soil. Has done several wells already and was going to complete the work, when suddenly on the outskirts of the nearest to the river wells scored the fountain, and from far he heard a strange humming, which happens when boiling water. Ran the drillers saw the following scene: in the growing hole wildly spinning dirty water. Tried to plug a well bags with the earth, but water swallowed them and threw out in the river together with a stream. Two days later, the jumper settled, but while holding on. The river gnawed through the tunnel and throwing multi-ton lumps of earth and stones, rushed to the bypass Uzmi, through the neighboring VOCA threshold. So ceased to exist beautiful Ugma, which gave the name to the village! Where was the terrible falls, barely rippling the dirty trickle that could not replace the old giant. From a thick layer of silt was visible sunken driftwood logs (they counted about 50 thousand). Fishermen do not even have time to remove the 32 instance of the breeding of salmon, which were kept in cages on the doorstep. The most important trouble for the residents was the lack of drinking water. Terekhov, head of the party that created it, couldn't watch poduzeca in the eye. Those almost with his fists rushed at him:"Damned! We have sporty the river-go now the water line for mud pies!"Two years went poduzece clean water downstream, the salmon fishing is temporarily stopped, and the fish a long time were not found downstream. But the dam has not withdrawn from their intentions. The force of the river has not dried up, she just chose an easier path. Therefore, it was decided to build a hydroelectric power station. But the war with the Finns, and then the Great Patriotic war, and then years and years of recovery.
In 1957 my aunt and Anya Semenova examined obsolete direction Usmy already parastasie forest, he honed over the centuries the rocks, bumping sometimes into the funnel-boilers with a depth of 2 meters and up to meters in diameter, drilled in the granite bed of the waterfall wildly spinning boulders. And VOCA-threshold is slightly higher Uzmi, rattled with redoubled force, and then he became the most powerful in Karelia.
And again today is a terrible VOCA before my eyes, and not faded in the memory the impressions received then. A "Secili" we got a salmon with uncle Kolya Semenov (husband of Anna PEC) and Athos Antonov. Rush on the river huge, slippery heavy logs, they have no number. And to meet them salmon makes for Wocaw Kemi your heavy unprecedented rise. The power of procreation drives the fish up against the cool stream of water, jumping salmon in hours and days almost sheer jet waterfall to get to the happy place where you can sow a new generation.

Grandma asked us of the old riddle: "there is No wings and fly, no legs, and catch up" Nobody could figure out what it's salmon, overcoming a large part of the rapids through the air by jumping. Uncle Kohl, a hereditary fisherman, said that if salmon was born in Kemi, then she goes for a walk across the White sea to the coast of Norway. But for spawning would return to his native river. It is a passing fish, spends half of life in the seas. Unlike cod with its millions of eggs, salmon is only 10-20 thousand, fry, she leaves a tiny amount. On the way salmon many dangers, enemies and disease, and catch fisherman plays insignificant role. Salmon lives long, only up to 10 years, if not killed before. Forty-pound fish in the river are not uncommon, and the record weight was 39 kg. According to the observations of fishermen fish salmon between them surprisingly friendly. They are usually in pairs — the male with the female, and such love between them that if the female is somehow killed, then the male tries to kill himself — lovebird they can't live without each other. To spawn females covered dark and pink spots, and the males and at all not to know: the lower lip turns into a hook, scales becomes uneven. Since time immemorial, each spring salmon enters the mouth of a full-flowing Kemi to spawn in its upper reaches, in the lakes from which the river originates. Salmon spawning begins in autumn, from mid-September, and continues until the rivers freeze. Spawning often occurs in shallow areas with sandy-rocky bottom. After spawning of the salmon (more males) is sinking into the sea, and part of it (almost exclusively females) in the river in deep places until the spring of next year and is sinking into the sea together with hollow water. This exhausted from prolonged starvation fish (*it is called valchak) represents a pitiful sight. A disproportionately huge head and the caudal fin – and between them a pitiful scrawny, similar to the strap body. Even the color of the meat becomes dirty gray. Salmon does not stop any obstacles, even granite ridge of Voyage. Here, squeezed in a narrow space, the water boils and roars familiar to on the rocks in summer and winter. Resting salmon behind the large stones at the entrance to the threshold. In deep holes accumulate several pieces.
Athos and I stand on a rock and watch the fish move. Scraping the sides of the sharp stones, the fish moved through a ridge of rocks. Here is one male jumped in the jump through the stone sticking out of the Pitch. Still leap in levels and forward! Still! And then a steep ledge of hanging rock. A bold leap from the water and the fish popping up right on the beach. Wet from the spray of the grass the fish jumps, quickly and easily, and — again in the water. (My younger brother Jacob, gostevali often in childhood in Podujatie, found once on the shore so that's out of the water a fish. Without thinking, he rolled up her sweater and took on ear).
Uncle Kohl with a huge sake in his hands stands on the rocks below. How can it not break into a violent flow! Scooping up a Sak one or a few fishes, uncle nick throws the SAC ashore. We Athos picks up the SAC and Park Kurtkoy (truncheon) one fish after another, put in a wicker basket. For Podujatia the course of the salmon is an important event. Fishing for it is easy, and the catch is good. Salmon has long been a part of the main table. On the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty my grandmother used to make the Royal table of salmon in salted form, than proud of all my life. In some typically national Russian dishes and products considered to be essential the presence of the salmon in the beet soup, Russian pancakes, pies with fish, Russian cakes with buckwheat, meat pies with rice. Fresh pink meat and fatty salmon has always been a favorite food of Pogoreltsev.

Salmon was caught before in all sorts of ways. The most destructive way of fishing is fishing with fences, when the whole river is blocked by a palisade, in the middle of which only one hole is left with a network against it. Salmon, going against the flow, meets the fence, looking for where she would go, and, finding the hole, gets to the network. In this case, the salmon never povorachivat ago: instinct urges her to go forward, up the river, so it only pokes his head into the net, but to break it, of course not.
Salmon always bailed out village, and essentially — entire life. Why, I think, and my great-grandfather Ingvar PEC settled in 1889, this reserved Podujatie. After a long life in Germany, after the most severe German Ordnung (order) and overcrowded population in Germany, after seven years of service in the Reichswehr, this land of blue lakes and empty rivers, harsh rocks and endless forests, unique monuments of wooden architecture – a Paradise on the loose, in nature. In the evening, tired, happy from the abundance of fish and experiences we rowed with mount Athos in Podujatie, and uncle Kohl has ruled the paddle and says that still, a little becomes a salmon in the river, mad alloy is ruining it. In a peaceful location the smell from the river spicy-sweet — rotting snag at the bottom. Pine wood and bark secrete extracts, fit for leather tanning, and how it acts on the delicate fish. And told uncle nick that not only the salmon destroys the alloy, but also pearl fisheries he had killed.

It is known that the pearl was painted on the former beautiful coat of arms of the County town of Kem. In 1897 A. Hrebtov wrote: "... pearls are found in all rivers, where the salmon comes...Russian pearls in General, and especially mined in the KEMA County, very good in color, brilliance and shape. The best copies go first of all through the buyers abroad, and from there, the pearl is brought to us under the name Oriental". "Catches" pearl-recognize the peasants were doing at the rapids themselves, and the pearls fished in the summer, during the recession of the water. The largest pearl called “sovereign”, it was supposed to send to Cola, and from there to Moscow. Raw pearls were sold to buyers from Russia and Scandinavia. Cheaper pearls were bought by the peasants for the decoration of elegant women's and girls ' hats, which artisanal drilled pearls and processed them. From the Northern regions of fashion clothes and pearls spread throughout Russia. They were decorated with Royal ecclesiastical vestments, caftans and headdresses of boyars and nobles. Sewing pearls practiced not only in the home, but also in monasteries, and has achieved considerable perfection. Intricate headdress Elena Prokhorovna PEC, my great-grandmother, shone with elegance and beauty of Kemsky pearls. Unlike fishing and hunting artels, pearls were mined alone. I have alloy and pearl gradually disappeared.
(*A good-natured Bumpkin Athos Antonov wife, a crazy, suddenly cut off the sleeper's head with an axe – so ended the life of this fisherman and a good man).

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​Gold from the grave

​Lived quietly, our grandfather Ingvar in the "reserved" Podujatie. Young beautiful wife, easy but responsible work at the mill for good money, friendly relatives Hoevelaken and Gerety, not the last person in Podujatie. Great hunting of any animal and poultry only go outside the village, but the fishing is great. As necessary, and as then took fish in the river. Yes, some fish, Royal— salmon! Village folk worked at his farm. Would come and the villagers: "is There any kind of work, Nikolai?"- "You, poika (guy, Kar.) come back tomorrow morning. Tomorrow is another day, a person is more cheerful!"(favorite saying of my grandmother, Lydia PEC). But once in the door of the house knocked on the door. The threshold on all fours stood a stranger-a man who gave Ingvard a letter. After reading the letter, the great-grandfather turned pale, kissed the children, quickly Packed up and rode off on the horse. He returned home late at night and said to his wife:"but I wanted to go to Germany, but did not catch up with the steamer." This letter was from Louise, and waited for it Ingvard on this ship, Yes, late messenger in the path of the injured leg. For shipping and they received 25 rubles (*cow – great value those days cost 7 rubles). The Lord did not allow children to be orphaned. And to hold and to hold Enguarde was only one grandson, Peter, born in 1915, his eldest daughter Lydia. Ingvard died in the summer of 1918 during a terrible storm. First was buried in granite cemetery island near the village, but in the 60's, before the flooding of Podzemlja (and Islands), water Pushkinskogo reservoir, all the island cemetery was moved to the mountain, to a clearing in a mass grave near the main Poduzhemskaya cemetery where lies Elena Prokhorova PEC, survived her husband for 27 years. A lot of values borrowed from the task force carrying the cemetery inhabitants, the pockets were filled with gold and other ornaments. Offered cheaply daughters of Ingvard — Anna Semenova, but she refused.

Ice fonts

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The only son of his great-grandfather Paul PEC (1911-1936), the same Grenadier growth and appearance, as Ingvar, was a supporter of socialist ideas. Rural activist, he traveled a lot through the villages and the harsh winter of 1936, along with the horse fell under the river ice. Somehow getting out of polynyas in ice-covered clothing is 20 miles away where Jogging, I do get to Podujatia, and summer died of galloping consumption.
And here is fate! Paul's son, Nicholas PEC (1932-1957), my senior companion, cheerful, sociable person after the seven-year period worked on the alloy. Then there was the army and the training of tractor drivers in Petrozavodsk. After that, Kohl's, working in Paris Kem boom company, were transported on a tractor different cargo off-road Kemsky district. 15 February 1957 on the orders of chief supply of ORS and some of Gorelenko he tried on the ice of a winter road from Rokkasho lake to go to the village of Masozera, although it was evident that the ice is treacherous. Spoke to nick on the phone that you can't drive on the ice that wants to live. But rested his head: "go, then, and that's it!", and Kohl-the Executive people.
As soon as the tractor and the sled hit a patch of ice, the tractor instantly failed, as told by an eyewitness of the tragedy Grigory Semenov. To pop up, despite the open door, nick was not in time — the broken heart at 25.
If after two girls: sverchkova Elena, who lives in St. Petersburg, and Lydia Nikolaevna of PEC, living in Arkhangelsk. The daughter of Paul Alexander PEC (1936-1998) worked for many years at the telephone station Podujatia. She married a tractor driver Peter Tikhonov. Since 1965 she lived in Kemi in the village of drivers. Their son Ivan Tikhonov and daughter Alina live in Kemi.

"Vyartsilya, Konovalov»

So my grandmother signed envelopes, sending letters to her younger sister Alexandra Konovalova-PEC (1906-1986) — aunt Shura, cheerful, sociable, very located to our family. Shura was born in Podujatie and happily lived there for 15 years, until in 1922 did not Woo her a solid 28-year-old accountant of the sawmill Pavel Konovalov. Shura's mother, Elena Prokhorova, denied it was him but then I remembered that she is 16 years went down the aisle and that Ingvar was also older than her 12 years. And agreed.
As for stone wall lived aunt Shura with its Paul Nikolayevich entire life. Accountant-solid at the time, the male profession was. In 1923, Lena was born to them, named after her grandmother. Serious and picky, remaining in the girlhood, worked as an engineer-economist at the plant "Avangard" and radio plant in Petrozavodsk. In his spare time loved to read, solve and compose crossword puzzles. And has found its appeasement in Zaporozhye. In 1933 born, the beautiful Marguerite, tall and stately, her grandmother Elena. Her life was not always successful and she lived in Estonia for the last years. The youngest son of Konovalovs — Nicholas, from his home in the village of värtsilä, where the family moved after the war, where uncle Pasha, Konovalov worked as a chief accountant at the steel plant, went to the town of Lomonosov, where he enrolled in the merchant Navy, and then 40 years worked as a mechanic in the trawl fleet for the seas and oceans. Now Kolya is a pensioner, lives in Murmansk and nurses grandchildren.

Sea-mia because the nian, sie, milma you nia

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The middle daughter of Ingvard — Anna PEC(1904-1989), most of his life lived in Pomuzeme – simple kind woman. She liked the young black-haired moustache Karel with the village by the nickname Raven — Nikolai Semyonov, who worked from an early age in the dry goods store of her father. The wedding with songs and triples lasted for several days. Traditionally, young was sent to bath, and from the changing room, then popped up the black cat.
Not just then Anna remembered that cat is a complicated character turned out to be her husband. But he was a hard worker and excellent master, hands of gold, and carpenter and joiner – what to look for: for farm and custom sewed uncle Kolya fishing boats, snake, tees, even the Norwegian Elah — light and comfortable under sail and oars. And he 15 seasons in the Barents sea retreated to the fishing korshik (senior fishing vessel), and sons Alexander and Grigory Semenov sailed with him Plovers.

Alexander Semenov

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Sasha was the eldest child. It is the only one of the children Anne and Nicholas semenovykh, I never saw. After a seven-year Sasha studied at the factory school in Nadvoitsy, was a good carpenter that country life really did come in handy.
In 1963 during the construction of Pushkinskoi HPP on the river Kem from their homes were forcibly evicted the residents of the village of Podujatie. Anything equivalent in return, the authorities did not think to offer them, on the contrary, the eviction of a hurry. People dismantled their homes, transported them to the city of Kem, somehow settled down. And Sasha Semenova, the voice of the blood called to the opposite side, the homeland of our ancestors in the Karelian village of Panozero *. Buying a house and bringing from Podujatia his family, he lived in it the rest of my life working in the woods and on the alloy. At first, the attitude of the village towards immigrants was "cool". All that changed when the villagers found out that Sasha is kind of Popov and his grandmother, Elena Prokhorova PEC and her parents, Akulina Y. Popov and Prokhorov, dear Paozersky the old-timers. But in fact Popov in Panozero from the 17th century and have their ancestors "priest Ivan Ilyin" and "priest Stepan Ilyin" selected in the "Capital book" scribe Ivan Anichkov in 1678. In addition to serving in the Church and to feed their families, the clergy were engaged in agriculture, paying "...all sorts of gifts to the great sovereign" on an equal basis with their parishioners "...from the peasant in a row."
Life in Panozero was subordinated to the established order for centuries, proceeded slowly, hidden behind dense woods and impassable bogs. Here Elena Popova Prohorovna married Ingvard, was born here and my grandmother, Lydia Nikolaevna of PEC, also in 1893 she was baptized in the ancient Church of Elijah the Prophet parish priest Nikolay Grigoryevich Kaporskii. Today, this Church, although it makes a strong impression, noticeably dilapidated, the dome was torn by the atheists under the sound of horn and drum roll in the 30s of the last century and has not yet been restored. Centuries-old trees, a Church fence of mossy boulders, nameless graves of priests. Namolennoe place! But dropped a huge dry spruce near the temple, and about this, well I guess it's not. The fall of the next tree can destroy the building itself. Father Grigory, who comes here from Kemi, agrees with me, promises to cut down threatening trees. And we very much hope that already not for long remained to stand to temple without a dome and Church singing .
The public of Karelia and Finland in 1994, Panozero saved from flooding and the violent destruction – if built Beloporozhskaya HPP. The city of Kem was also doomed to" moral murder " of the planned construction of a Marine hydroelectric power station in the compound of the assumption Cathedral. These two hydroelectric power stations are the initial and final links in the project of the Kemsky hydropower hub of 1961 (where the Kem river was oblyzhno named a non-INDUSTRIAL river), the same age as the "absurd of the 20th century", a plan to transfer part of the flow of Northern rivers to the South, threatening the country with a cultural and energy catastrophe. Though since GOERLO plain large-scale hydropower are considered to be unprofitable! But the Directorate of the KEMA HPP cascade is still trying to attract Western investors to Finance this obviously unpromising project to use hydroelectric power stations as a source of excess electricity sold to the West for dollars in its pocket.
And Sasha Semenov has found its resting place in the homeland of ancestors, good sand he had with his wife Shura on the high banks of the "mother of rivers" Kemi, beautiful fence made them a son, Gregory, handy, responsible person. The average son, Sergey, lives today in Kursk, drives heavy trucks on roads of Russia, but the homeland doesn't forget. The eldest, Nicholas, built a solid house in the village, and his father's house is in order. Like his father, he works in the woods, famously, "walk" on his boat on the rapids of river fishing with his beautiful wife Tatiana, and the farm is so busy. Of course, many things in Panozero are lost irretrievably, but the village still lives according to traditional covenants, and rural landscapes retain their uniqueness and value. And although the danger of dying of natural Panozero persists, panasert able to preserve life on this ancient Karelian land.
(*Panozero-the pearl of the North, the last Karelian village, preserved on the banks of the Kemi river, the only Karelian settlement that has preserved the historically developed layout and building element, a phenomenon in which each structure is an architectural monument. On its territory was found many items Dating back to the stone age. During the Viking age, there was a trade route between Byzantium and Scandinavia. Panozero village was included three times (1996-1997,1998 — 1999, 2000 — 2001 years) by the Fund "World Monuments Watch" in the list of one hundred monuments of world culture that are under threat of destruction and thus put on a par with such monuments as Alexander plant in Tsarskoye Selo, Taj Mahal in India, the ruins of Pompeii in Italy. In 2006, a memorial sign "Symbol of honor"was opened in Panozero. Panozero village was awarded the medal "Europe Nostra", this is the highest recognition that can be obtained in Europe for the preservation of cultural heritage. This year's awards were presented in July 2006. in Madrid, Queen Sofia of Spain. Among other things, this is the first medal "Europe Nostra" received by Russia. Pantera made known to the world thanks to the documentary "Where horse – back and the sleigh," and "Annie from Panozero").

The Anna Rudometova

In 1943, the hungry year, the mother hung on her back birch bark purse with two quarters for milk and measuring a half-gallon jar (barter: half a liter of milk 200 grams of bread or a pack of millet concentrate or pea puree) and is 18 km from Kemi; exchange; and back; all on foot (the cow-nurse saved 8 souls). In June 1944 he enrolled Anna in FZO №7 on Popov island, received the profession of Telegraph operator, more 35 years in the connection, first on the Telegraph machine and Morse ST-35 to Kemi, then in Podujatie on the switch. In 1951, Pavel Pavlovich Kuchiev, the postmaster of the city of Kemi, contributed to the arrival of Anna on the training of heads of post offices and he had sent Anna to this position in the village Rudometova Kemsky district.
Here she married a good man Petr Ivanovich Rudometov. Further work in Hume, Avneporog again Kem. Children born up to 6 people. My brother Alexander praised the hard to reach places of the village, Coconino, where the paternal house of P. I. rudometova he has been, where around lakes and rivers, where Anna Nikolaevna resides in the summer. Children and grandchildren come here, and everyone has enough space and activities in the garden, on the lake and in the forest. Votive cross at the entrance to the village, an old house and barn. The lake is a bathhouse, where everyone likes to bask. Not sauna any, and the real Karelian bath " on-black." In it and steam better and soul cleaner. Warm up and immediately dive into the lake. Ducks fly out of the nest boxes hanging on the trees, Kosachev Lek on the birches near the house, Kapalua (glukharka) will be sometimes on the path, quokka like a chicken "cluck", and even a moose will walk slowly on rocks, sometimes, the deer will be on the ice at the end of the lake. And once a bear with three cubs wandered under the window of the house-pristine nature!
Anna Nikolaevna told me a lot about the life of our grandfathers and great-grandfathers; and we caught a fish with her grandson Misha Fedorov. When he went back to Kem — on clay the way a huge bear footprint imprinted, and next to little bear ran. Will come back to the fishmonger Yes, shineski hospitable hosts Lily and Oleg Fedorov, daughter and son-in-law of Anna Nikolaevna.

Anfisa Nikolaevna Martynova

His father was demobilized in March 44 years and sent to "Sach" salmon for the army. To live with the breadwinner became much easier, and birch bark purse outweighed the mother of 14-year-old Anfisa and now that a measure of bare feet, these 18 km. Where she worked as a nurse in the nursery on the farm for the "wand" (workdays). Weeding, haymaking, and Midge, the face is not seen, stick your head in the water — easier. In 1947, logging, guys-the war killed, and the girls in the woods will fit. Luchkovka and poperechka — saws. Young, fun, two rules have been complied with. And what songs he sang!
In the summer of 1950 Anfisa managed to reach secondary agricultural school for the training of chairmen of collective farms of the Karelo-Finnish SSR in the village Poultry farm near Petrozavodsk, and in 1953 to complete her specialty agronomist. In addition to General subjects and history of the CPSU(b), she studied many useful Sciences — agriculture, breeding, beekeeping, as well as Economics, financial accounting and accounting — the latter helped her in her future life when she worked as an accountant for many years. And German punctuality, passed in the genes from the mother, helped in the work. And her husband-it is Andrei Martynov, initially and lost her accounting job, having gone to alloy. Another good man. And children normal, and grandchildren. It helps me Anfisa, remembers much about Podujatie, about the villagers, about the life of his grandmother Helena Prokhorovna PEC.
She constantly attends the rehearsal of the vocal group "Rusko", where they sing beautiful Karelian and Finnish songs and her school friend, the famous Karelian poet Taisto Summanen Karlovic.
There has long been no Usmy or Wachaga, no Podujatia. This is a consequence of past decisions, when the cost of flooded lands, forests and other types of regional resources were not taken into account in the projects of HPP, "local" interests were ignored. The most valuable agricultural lands were flooded by hydroelectric reservoirs. To this day, the erosion of the coastline continues, the shores are being washed down and crumbled along with the forest. Stocks of valuable fish species, such as kumzhi, tinda, whitefish, salmon, do not spawn, cannot due to hydroelectric dams, have declined dramatically. The fate of many hundreds of people is broken, not all found themselves elsewhere. Anfisa Nikolaevna says: "the Barbarous destruction of a unique village is impossible to forgive. Destroyed not simply settlement, destroyed a whole culture for the sake of low-power turbines HPP. I believe that it was possible to find another place for the construction of a hydroelectric power station, but to restore the village, alas, is impossible.”  Putkinskaya HPP was really low-power, because it was conceived in the years 1933-1937, but it is because of it that Poduzhemia went to the bottom of the reservoir. It was a real tragedy for the residents of Podzemlja who had to drown his past in the bottom of the reservoir. After all, many of them simply did not believe that their home, where for centuries their ancestors lived will go under water... Like Atlantis sank Podujatie. Only we all know where the protected Podujatie. On this spot now stands a monument to the flooded village. And the point with the name of Atlantis to the map is not found. Maybe it was not this mysterious country, because there are no surviving witnesses, not a single manuscript. And the tragedy of Podzemlja remained in the memory of many residents and in the pages of many documents in the archives. But well said Taisto Summanen on the protected Podujatie:
No village,
But to live she has remained
She, as a mother, in your soul alive....

Grigory Nikolaevich Semenov

When the war began, the house of Pogoreltsev took a military unit. For the most part, soldiers just kicked families on the street, and themselves comfortably housed. Naomi remembered how she was standing on the road with an outstretched hand, and walked indifferently past the soldiers and occasionally threw in her palm a slice of bread. Father, mother, grandmother and their six children lived in a small house on the mountain. Lived from hand to mouth (sometimes moss pellets eaten), eight-year-old brother Grisha was swollen. It was forbidden to fish; it became a state (another source of sustenance – hunting was also prohibited). Only berries with mushrooms to collect, and then – once because the mother had to work on the farm from dawn to dusk. (Women carried on their shoulders the entire world, the entire rear, raised the country after the war. And what they earned in your old age? Kopecks! It was just a shameless mockery of a man, what is happening now. The same poor pensions, disrespect for the ordinary Russian man, the death of the village. Land, in which was invested an incredible that it turned into fluff with your hands, now overgrown with bushes).
Then Gregory says: "on 20 March, the father said to swell from hunger, I won't took at the end of may I in the Murmansk fishery. To Murmansk got our team on the train. Coming on a ladder on a motorboat " Lozhkin "which will take to stanovishche, I 3 times whispered in Karelian:" Meri mia silma nian, sie, milma et nia "("the Sea, I see you, and you don't see me"), holding on to an amulet (a sack with the poduzhemsky earth, and in it a cross). Grandmother, Elena Prokhorovna, supplied and taught what to say. Borka Sergeeva, Kolya and Pasha Prokhorov also poduzhemskaya Plovers, sea rocked, they tore, not so much for me, I sing "Katyusha", you know – fasting is not anymore, and wondering all around – the first time since he left home. Helped the amulet-and not just that.
In Outpost Kharlovka (Semiostrovskie) many of the fishers. Even the red area was the site of some films was sometimes a ride. Bath, linen, laid it on the stones – only the crackling went (lice burst), and often combing them with a comb – war! Was I cod fish oil much to drink, directly from a soldier's pot. Well, the fish is always really were, recovered slowly. In the village I loved in the winter to ski, and then the hills in the snow, and ski there. Asked my dad, and he was riveting (*a plaque from the side walls of the barrel) made grooves, and the toes bent, so I was riding with slides on these skis. I wanted to be like dad, wanted to build everything. I look-there is an ax, I hid it in an old tree. I was asked, " didn't you take the hatchet?"In Russian I still badly spoke and I answer:" No, no, I didn't take the hatchet", and in the evening quietly I hammered it i
The Plover is a lot of work: cooking ear of haddock, wash the dishes, fishing gear untangled and dry, wash dishes, sweep the floor, but in the movie we first proshmygnet. In the sea Plovers do not usually take, but I wanted my father on his head. Father took me into the sea, and how flooded the fish in tier – two times more than usual. Since then, without me the fish is not caught. And in the morning want to get more sleep (earlier still fishermen go to sea, and come to the Outpost later) and an evening movie. But my father was very strict in the upbringing, and my place always now was barely. In the wind “ran under sail” and “grebo went” for many, boating is always two: Pavlov Gregory and aunt Claudia. All on grapple obey the father, he korshik, he rules and throws away tier with bait. Tier – this gear like prodolniy: strong rope, and to it through 80-100 centimeters thinner rope imposed on large hooks. The tier consists of bales. The bale length is 300-400 meters. In tier 27-29-31 bales, always an odd number. Hooks were gain capelin or sand eels, and when it was not – sea-worm-Pescarolo. Small fish – capelin and sand eel, usually caught in coastal waters, on the banks of the river Kharlovka “moveanim Seine” with fine mesh. To stick the bait on the hooks – it is Plovers. For bait 1 bale then paid 50 kopecks. Having got and having put a tier in a fir-tree, early in the morning we went to the sea. The shore goes further and becomes invisible. That's reached a coveted position. The anchor sinks to the bottom. Before Vymetal tier father according to ancient custom, refers to the command to "Bless and PrimeSite!"We answer:" Holy fathers blessed, the righteous of God prayed to korshik for a place." Then the father according to its signs and spawns tier. The floats show where sweeps the tackle. Eating goes forward, and the hooks baited one after another leave in the sea, at the bottom they pull the load. Everyone had their own flag on the tier. Putting a tier, waiting for six hours - the time from the beginning of the tide to low tide, and at this time approached the fish pounces on the bait. "Lying down water", pull the tier. The closer he gets, the stronger the boiling water for about eating. Suitable hooks, they cod, halibut, catfish, flounder, sea bass and burbot. The layer is selected, now home to Outpost. Sometimes, the furious wind will rise, the wave is about to turn over ate. Farewell tackle and catch. Well, dad was experienced, always took away ate from trouble and we were not carried away in the open sea. On the shore of the fish was cut; extracted cod liver for flooding fat, the rest of the insides were thrown away. While standing cold, all the fish was to dry – were hung up on poles, laid out on the rocks, and the warming was in Skei (the dugout) and sprinkle with salt. Cod and saithe were solinas and dried, and halibut, wolffish and haddock were sollis. Fishermen were paid then 3 kopeks for 1 kg of caught cod and 7 – 8 kopeks for 1 kg of halibut, flour on coupons was given. In fact, the fishermen had always assumed when Morana (storm), because by that time they had always kept up a strong Braga in 100 liter barrels.
Eat, drink brew and some sleep! Sleep fisherman, awake drink another Cup of Braganca – and sleep again. Well, we, Zooey, the communion to this stuff, carpanese from the barrel of the mug and let her in a circle. On the island of "Jug" was humanily bird colonies – thousands of guillemots, gulls, loons. But dad wouldn't let me climb over their eggs, especially when the rock broke and shattered soldiers, by order of the commander polezshego for fresh product. The officer received 25 years in the camps (not even a penal battalion), and adult fishermen climbed now with a safety net.
Cooked I soup, wooden ladle in the way, but Only Elisha was sick of hanging around and constantly asks: "Varis, an ear ready?"His village the nickname of "]" – kite, and our – "Varys," that is Raven. The next question I had cracked it with the bucket on the head, split scoop. Fishermen ask: "Where is the attic?"You can't lie. I said that the scoop was broken on the head Gaucci. The fishermen long afterwards laughed: "Varis] a broke!"that is, the crow of the kite beat. And dad didn't get angry. Only] was then the hero when Dashing on the rocks of the Three Sisters crashed several boats with fishermen, but Only to barely threw a huge wave on a ledge the height of a 10 - storey building. Just popped up on a rock and tied eat. The rope was removed and Only tears there, and the fish and eat the rock and left. I went to Murmansk with my dad for years. Liked me sea and, apparently, I him. When set on ate the motor, became easier.. However, these were lousy engines, fuel oil, stopped often and always at the crucial moment. And to start the engine, should have been a blowtorch to heat red-hot ball (for injection). Once we select the layer, and the motor is stopped and the engineer Fedka Artemyev, it can not run, and dad asks: "Well, when, well, when will launch?"And Fedka and skazani in the hearts: "Go on ..., Mikuli – uncle, can't get the motor to run!"Here dad in the arm came from the depths of the sea burbot, he Pedicu burbot in the face and otovaritsya. He then dived back, and the motor is then started immediately. All the good things come to an end - in the 50s, the minesweepers began to tear the tier trawls. Because of the big scandals fishing for the tier stopped. To 8th grade I studied in Podujatie, helped his father on the farm and on the river. Anything caught salmon used, - poaching. Night. Two boats, a net between them. Quiet rowing oarlocks wrapped hay. Rare car on the road sometimes illuminate the river headlights, lay down on the bottom, as if floating deck. And Sasha – that has jailed for poaching is two years, so he took the salmon from the cages is not the case. Once our three network supervision from the river took out and hung to dry in his yard, and I hopped a fence, they were removed and in a bag. He then asked: "You, Grisha, their took?"I, of course, refused. "Ah, the timing was! Then in the summer I worked on alloy, winter riding from Podujatia carried light loads in the distant Kem village. 3 year army. And again, in the winter-cargo transportation, in the summer — rafting".
The virtuoso hook and logs, Gregory was told that once the rafters almost pulled over to VOCA threshold, the motor broke down, people began to throw boots, but miraculously managed to start. (God forbid to get - bones will not collect! Living there is not floated). Was well aware of Gregory carpenter and joiner's business, learned from his father. On retirement, he came out with a hydroelectric power station, settled a house and a bathhouse on the river, just at the place where once roared VOCA threshold. Well says Gregory about the fishery on the Barents sea. Thin expert and connoisseur of nature, the beautiful soul of man.

Evgeniya Semenova-Fedoruk( 1933-1963)

She lived a very short life. Seven-year plan in Poduzhemskaya school, courses accountants, then she's an accountant at the farm "Poduzhemskaya". Marriage. She left with her husband in Kutuzovka village near Kharkov, where the farm also worked as an accountant. In February 1963 gave birth to the twins van and the girl Wife, and she parted with her due to medical errors.
Husband Ivan Fedoruk did not take children from the hospital; then they were brought up in orphanages. In Podujatie visit my grandmother visited, but living here would not. With the beginning of "perestroika" communication with them was cut short, we don't know why.

Pavel Semenov (1940-1998)

My age and comrade. All my life I worked as a driver in Podujatie and Kemi. Not an easy have him fate. His daughter Evgenia Gecko (Semenova) writes about it:

I sat in the car of your.
When the hay mowed in the meadow
You're still in my memory.
And forget I you not can…
Puda kept three teeth,
Admiration is no secret.
Her teeth strong, as nut,
And your smile — the Hollywood laugh
Haircut fashion, flared trousers.
On Esenina than something look like
Did not have time to finish singing, and the song is not the same,
And the silent harmony — singing without you.
And 22 grandchildren and 32 great-grandchildren Anna and Nicholas semenovykh alive and well today in Kemi, Pansare, Kostomuksha, Kursk, Kharkov and Petrozavodsk. Life goes on!

In the way of the Vikings

Catherine Nikolaevna PEC (18951949) the second oldest daughter of Ingvard continued the tradition of PEC, working in Kemi at the bakery. At all times, the profession of a Baker was respected by people.
And her husband Theodore A. Kostin (1899-1943) a respected man – a master at Kem timber mill worked. Kids they had four: Zinaida, Alexander, Valentine, and Julia.
Son Alexander fought; in spite of severe injury and a poor hold with your left hand, was the captain of a tugboat in the Lesozavod and Kemsky on your boat carrying heavy purse to the forest.
He lived in Rabocheostrovsk on Pionerskaya street, where to this day his wife Nadezhda Fedorovna lives with her son Vasily. Kostenich daughter, Zinaida Fyodorovna Zaitseva, now living the city of Volkhov, told me that she after the main work, in time of war, fled to the sawmill or in Kem port for loading lumber on a foreign court. This heavy additional earnings brought in семью200 grams of bread. It's hard to imagine now, but it was. And back in 1946, Zinaida Fedorovna's husband took her to the city of Volkhov. And they drank with Matthew S. here dashing postwar, but lived together, knew how to enjoy life, to be content with little. On the shores of the ETS of the Volkhov, remembering Rurik, Vikings and Novgorod pirates in the Old Dubovyky they built the house, the site was helpful for a large family. And home kept animals. Matvey Sergeyevich was able to educate not only five of his children, but also artisans, teaching them a difficult blacksmith skill. Now many of their children are already retired. Even step-son of Zinaida Fyodorovna Vladimir, musician, honorary Metallurgist calls her "Mama zine". It is very telling. Her house always smells of cakes, it is our North hereditary.
All children Zinaida Fyodorovna "in the business". Reasonable beauty Tamara Matveevna works in the city hall, Valentina Matveevna and grandson Vladimir businessmen, Sergey and Natalya worked at aluminum plant. Alexander, born in Kemi, is a master Builder, wood painter, musician-artistic nature. Live together together and rest together, all help each other.
Rejoices the heart of a 90-year-old Zinaida Fyodorovna, looking at the now grown grandchildren and growing great-grandchildren.

Ordnung uber alles

​

According to the metric certificate issued by the Archangelsk spiritual Consistory, my grandmother Lydia Nikolaevna PEC was born on may 30, 1893. On may 31 the sacrament of baptism made by the priest Panasenkova the arrival of Kem County Arkhangelsk province Nicholas G. Kaporskii in the presence of parents and witnesses: panasenkova priest Nicholas Kasperskogo, wives Gradislava Nikanorovoj and peasant girls Greenshanks Fedorova Kirillova. To 8 years old Lydia lives in Podujatie, fluent in Karelian and Russian languages, and in 1901 she is driven to Arkhangelsk, where until 1911 she spent in the house of Emilia Alexandrovna PEC. All her life she remembered their aunts "aunt Til" and "aunt Emma" (Frau Mathilde Clapton and Fraulein Emilia PEC), which raised her very strictly.
"Ordnung ist das halbe Leben!  The order is half of life!"If the children walked on the street and were late, for example, for lunch on the 1st dish, then the 1st and will not get late for the 2nd, will not get the 2nd, etc. Talking at home mostly in German (*and in old age grandmother remembered a lot of German poems, sayings, songs). She was taught by home teachers, who prepared the girl for admission to the Archangelsk diocesan women's school in 1904, where she studied until June 1912, receiving secondary education and specialty home teacher and primary school teacher. (*Diocesan Gazette, No. 19, p. 255 of 1911: "The list of female students of the Archangel Diocesan school in the academic year 1910/1911, with the approval of his grace No. 3199 of 22 September 1910. Pension with a fee of 200 rubles. I V class. Lydia PEC"). Are spiritually strengthened, have given General and vocational education, mainly the daughters of Orthodox priests: "the pupils were prepared to educate people in his native land"... When the pupils of the Diocesan school dismissed for the holidays, they were given a ticket, which, at the end of the holidays, the local clergy had to witness with the Church app print that "Predyavitelya this all the time on holiday behaved well-behaved and attended Church services".
Grandma summer is always come to Podujatie. Remembered a good swing on the banks of the river were very popular among young people. Once rocked it with my friends and some kid was standing next to the swing and, giggling, peeping. She is a very "supportability" and she swung with all her might kicked him from the height of their shoes right in the face, "no small" not killing the insolent. And the men of the village said,"I did the right thing." The certificate of completion Lidia Nikolaevna school we see good and excellent grades in the Law of God, the Church Slavonic language and literature, Church singing, crafts, nature, knowledge, health, math and other General subjects that witnessed on June 12, 1912, with the application of the official seal signatures of the Chairman of the Council of the school of the priest I. Popova, Director of the school, the inspector of Archpriest A. Kirillov, priest, A. Timonov.
(*Diocesan women's College: Opened on 21 October 1863 by decree of the Synod of 12 March 1863. Abolished by order of Argubright from March 4, 1920. 1885 training – with a six-VII teaching repetitive class with practical exercises in model school diplomas. Originally intended for the education of girls of the clergy, School trained primary school teachers and parish schools who completed the full course received the right to teach as home teachers.. The teaching of General subjects was conducted on a reduced program, the focus was on needlework and practical skills. The number of vospitanie in 1912 – 315 (yoselevich – 28, children of foreigners – 2. Completed full course in 1912 – 41 (in parochial school teachers received 14. The school was held at the expense of the diocese).
With 1.8.1912 for 1.9.1915 years Lidia is a teacher Kem primary school. In 1957, I visited this school, built next to the assumption Cathedral, looked at the old photos taken in the classroom, talked with her first student kukshiev Pavel Pavlovich, the head of the post office of the city of Kemi, who in those photos was a thin boy. And next to the students – a young beauty teacher Lydia Nikolaevna PEC.
Loved grandmother to talk to the with among acquaintances, ask about life-life. Once in Kemi she was talking with a friend on the ancient times. They were approached by an old man — "the man of God Nikita" trading, however, pies on the streets. Shaking hands, he began to thank grandma for the school, because no one in school did not want to take, and my grandmother took in 1st grade. And thanks to the school he is now "and pies can even trade!"How grandma could forget Nikita Orlov! For seven years he studied in 1st grade. Once in the presence of the inspector of the district on the question of the teacher: "What birds fly South?"the children have all the birds listed, and Nikita are all hand drawn. But grandma asks him, knowing the boy something breccia. Puzzled, the inspector looks at the teacher, and the grandmother was allowed to answer. "Hares fly South!"solemnly he said Nikita under the loud laughter of the class. Laugh much even strict supervisor confirmed -. On the reverse was the whole school. And learned from her grandmother Nina Gromozda. Five years in the first grade, then to have turned 15-years old married from the Desk of the 1st class. Many curious cases were told by the grandmother, and many pupils remembered her.
In 1913, Lydia PEC married a native of the town of Mezen Unknown Orthodox priest Yakov Dmitrievich, a descendant of don Cossacks who were exiled according to the legend in 1709 by Peter the great for "Bulavin rebellion" to the far North – in Pustozersk.

Descendants Of " Bulavintsev»

Suppression of "Bulavin rebellion" Peter led the first in person. Burned villages, and on the don, floating rafts hung. But when the Cossacks gave up on the "Royal mercy", Peter ordered Prince Vasily Dolgoruky "not to increase the severity of the desperation of the rebels." And the surrendered Cossacks were" sent by a convoy " to the hidden place of Russia – Pustozersky Ostrog (*in 40 versts from the present city of Naryan-Mar). When the "Bulavina" arrived at an Empty lake, already there since 1671, contained the participants of the peasant war of Stepan Razin, and on 14 April 1682 on Good Friday were burned in a single wooden frame of the famous Archpriest Avvakum, Lazar the priest, deacon Theodore and the Solovetsky monk Epiphanios in "zapaceste Scriptures and the great Royal house of blasphemy".
For nearly three centuries Pustozersk was the administrative center of the Pechora region with churches, customs, prison, Fort, shops, barns, etc., there was a Voivodeship, lived serving the deported people. The population was engaged in fishing, fishing of a sea animal, hunting for fur animals, waterfowl and partridges. Contained cows, sheep, horses. On Pustozersky Epiphany fairs there was trade between Samoyed (Nenets) tribes and Russians. Furs, game, venison and fish Samoyed exchanged for bread, fabrics, metal wares, tools, household and household equipment.
In 1780 Catherine II established the city of Mezen; there from Pustozersk transferred Voivodeship and military garrison and many of its inhabitants, with them and some of our ancestors. The other part Koshev left in the Shenkursk district of the Arkhangelsk province, where in 1862, was born, our great-grandfather Dmitry V. Koshev. Here he finished Borecka rural usmles, at dismissal from the society 28.6.1892 year was ordained to the deaconate, and the next day (amazing case !) 29.6.1892 year, his grace Alexander, the father of Demetrius, he was ordained priest to Ust-Tsilma common faith of the Church. In Ust-Tsilma our great grandfather served for 6 years, and in 1898 the Arkhangelsk Diocese was sent to baptize the Samoyeds (the Nenets) in Televisionon the arrival of the Pechora district of the Arkhangelsk province.
The daughter of Dmitry Vasilyevich Natalia was adopted in Arkhangelsk Diocesan school, and the sons of Jacob (my grandfather) and Basil first in the spiritual school, then in the Seminary in which he studied the Holy and righteous John of Kronstadt, on full state support. (*Now the Primorsky state University is located within its walls. In 2003, there was consecrated the temple in honor of the famous native of the Arkhangelsk region).
After Seminary father Yakov Zhukov served in Kemi missionary priest, whose main task is the moral and spiritual education and bringing local people to the true Orthodoxy. Not just to teach, but to show by example who the Orthodox believer is. He and evoke the trust of the local residents, especially the older generation. Then Yakov Dmitrievich received the arrival. In 1920, my grandfather was priest of St. Nicholas Church in the village of Kovda, Murmansk region, where children Vladimir and my mother Elena Yakovlevna were born. After leaving the North of the White army, my grandfather had to leave the Church. At the "45th sawmill" he taught the children of 3rd and 4th grades and was the Director of the school, and my grandmother was engaged in 1st and 2nd grades. Then Kosevo J. D. was proposed to completely withdraw from school or to go to school in Mezenskaya tundra to the village of Black River. But Yakov Dmitriyevich, even before realizing the situation, began correspondence study accountancy. Having moved to the station Kovda, his grandfather began working in forestry as an accountant, later he was appointed accountant. In 1937, he, a former priest, already the chief accountant of the Prionezhsky salespractice. A year later, according to the article 58-6 him as a "British spy" defined in the Vyatka camps.

The Rod Of The Civil Guards*

​

My mother's younger brother Vladimir Yakovlevich Koshev (1924 - 1942) was unlucky. He studied in school №2 in Handling finished only 6 classes, when his father (my grandfather) Jacob D. sent "on stage" to "reformation" in the wild Caskie forest. Life has become, and Volodya went to work as an apprentice Turner in a gang "Tekhnoves". In the autumn of 1941, despite the sore heart, he was taken to the defense work near Petrozavodsk. Then went to a guerrilla group, where he commanded his headmaster Plotnikov Mikhail Antonovich. In the winter of 1942, the year Vladimir was sent together with his friend Dmitry Dubrovsky in exploration, occupied by Finns of Petrozavodsk. They gave no Karel, and his Russian, as told after the war about all Anna Plotnikova, the headmaster's wife. She was in the same camp, on the street, Olonets, 2, where the commandant of the camp brought the kids and got to know them. The guys were silent when their 17-year-old, shyutskorovtsev brutally beaten with rods (*the rod is attached to a wooden handle, a bundle of insulated copper or steel wire), and then shot in the edification of others, and the dead photographed on the porch of the headquarters. Somehow Finnish newspaper in Russian "and the word" photographs shot boys hit Podujatie and Semionov got to know them, but to save the newspaper failed.
(*According to archives of scouts and guerrillas taken prisoner, about 300 people were sentenced in1941-44gg to death penalty; 58 Russians and Karelians were executed for communication with guerrillas and espionage; 43 people received life imprisonment; 47 people are recognized as war criminals. Most of these punishments were carried out in Petrozavodsk, where more than 18,000 Russian civilians were forcibly transferred to different camps. Prisoners of war were shot up to the summer of 1944 and by the decision of the official court and by order of any chief of the camp, and even on the personal initiative of any soldier of protection. Have to round up into camps of people the Finns were taken from the property, cattle, and gave them the "liberated brothers in blood." In General, 29.1% of people died from the whole mass of prisoners in Finnish camps. This is one of the highest figures in the world. Flogging with rods on a parade ground was used practically in all camps, more often, than a punishment cell. Until autumn 1943 the camp was subordinated to the civil guards. And only in the autumn of 1943, the Finnish Marshal C. G. Mannerheim, a former tsarist master of the horse and the General was deprived of the staff of the rear parts of the civil guards ' rights to manage prisoners of war and conquered the camp and the hospital commander's office on POWs right at the rate the Supreme commander. From this point of prisoners of war began to turn a human).
Where Vladimir and Dmitry are buried, we still do not know. But tell Vladimir about his repressed father and mother – volksdeutch, would, I think, to save lives.
(*The civil guards (from the Swedish skyddskar-guard corps), a paramilitary organization of the Finnish bourgeoisie and the kulaks in 1917-44. the civil guards worked with the SS).

The taste of the cake

The arrest of the father and the recognition of his "British spy" of course, could not affect the fate of my mother Mishka Elena Yakovlevna. At school she studied well, but the young Communist League she was not accepted because of non-proletarian origin, and she even went to hang himself, "...saw a friend and talked". 2 of course, Petrozavodsk pedagogical College mom tried to deduct, as "daughter enemy of the people", but as times went Stalin's article "son of the father is not responding", and she gave up. In the 37th year my mother graduated from teachers College and worked in school №5 in the street Kuz'mina, and then at school No. 2 the Director Plotnikova M. A. 2 июня39 year she married my father, Bozhko Peter Fedorovich, then a policeman caught up with the late 20-ies in the North, "raskolotka" together with their parents. They lived in the village of Ivkivtsi 7 km from city Pryluky. Lived spravno: 2лошади, 2коровы, a large garden, a piece of wood and piece of the field (in 1959, to me it was my grandfather Fedor: "you have tried!"). On a family photo standing in a row big men workers: grandfather Cyril Savich and his sons – Theodore and Philip; all the hard work on the farm only with their hands. Of course, they were dispossessed in the first place. Grandfather told me that winter in severe cold they are small cattle in the house and nursed. And in collective farm it began to die under a leaky roof, without sight and heat. And were dispossessed of all who had more than one cow, even if the family ran a dozen small children.
Obtaining at least some of the housing in Petrozavodsk even the police chief could not help our family. And went father and mother in the city of Pryluky (Ukraine), where I was born. But even there, housing was hard: we lived with the parents of the father of Olga Davidovna and Fedor Kirillovich in a cramped room. I slept behind a stove in a wooden trough. His father worked at the mill and she was there, there was no work, somehow ends up. With Petrozavodsk mother census Las; and here she received a letter from the teacher of the school № 2 Perova Claudia Alexandrovna, which with the assistance of Director Plotnikov mA got us a warrant for the room on Krasnoarmeyskaya street. The letter was a pass in Petrozavodsk and an invitation to work in school # 2. In August, 1940, our family came back to Petrozavodsk. Mom worked at the school. Father tooril "Onetaste". The war began. Father immediately took to the army. The Bombing Of Petrozavodsk. Evacuation on barges (which also bombed) Onego in the Vologda region. Half-starved life in children's homes Andoma, Vytegra, Top spas. Mother and grandmother worked as teachers, and I was in front of them. May 9, 1945! The war is over! In July 1945, we were loaded into heat, and for a very long time we got to Petrozavodsk, and also brought a goat with us. Then a few years I'll pass in the summer of goats on the Lososinka. I remember walking around in white shorts on Lososinskoe the road without the protection of German officers, and columns of captured Austrian soldiers, wandering from work under guard in the barracks on the street high-rise and nettles tearing at the food with his bare hands.
Petrozavodsk is in ruins. The acrid smell of coal tar from disinfection. Long hours of standing in line for bread, potatoes kerosene. The taste of cake and bran bread is not forgotten to this day. Father returned from the two wars in a ragged overcoat, but alive, in December of the 45th year. Gradually, life was improving, but a very hard way was passed after the war, Russian women — they worked, gave birth to children and, despite everything, raised them decent people. Let's bow to them low for this.

God's Providence is done.

Went more than 300 years after a visit by Peter Holland. Descendants of Baath Gerrit Paul settled in many countries: Germany, Russia, Canada, England, Brazil, Australia. Holland is a quiet, green and prosperous country thanks to the people and clever rulers. In comparison with Russia, there is immediately felt tightness, there is not a single unused piece of land. Around endless dams, canals with boats, barges, sails and masts; multi-colored vegetable gardens with protruding backs, swarming in the land of peasants; pastures with black and white cows; sea tulips, daffodils owls, hyacinths and gladioli; crowded highways and cycle paths; silhouettes of houses, factories, trees, mills. They survived a lot: in cities, villages, fields; part of the silhouette as monuments; the rest of the mills are working as before. Now they have about a thousand left: some continue to work, others have survived as relics — as a sign of grateful memory of the people for their help, the Dutch landscape is inconceivable without them. The memory of the visit to Holland by Peter I survived: in Zaandam (Saardam) the house of the blacksmith Gerrit Kist, in which Peter lived 8 days, visited many famous individuals, including Napoleon and Alexander I, who in 1814 ordered to nail down a memorial marble Board to the house. The poet Vasily Andreyevich Zhukovsky, who accompanied the future Emperor Alexander II wrote on the wall with a pencil ecstatic poems:
Over poor hut this
Flying angels saints.
Grand Duke, reverent. :
Here is the cradle of your Empire,
Here was born the great Russian…
Long ago already the Lodge was strengthened by a beam design which rescued it from destruction. Today, he covered the walls of solid glass, which allowed us to almost eliminate its exposure to the weather. Now people who have left their autographs on the walls, beams and floors for centuries, do not threaten the monument, although now thousands of tourists visit this Museum. In Amsterdam, unfortunately, the house of the cable car master at the East India shipyard, where Peter I lived, has not survived. But behind Damplein monument to the Emperor of Russia. Peter is depicted as a simple carpenter with an ax in his hands, showing the whole world: "where the source of the Russian fleet came from." Alive the memory of the stay and the training of Peter the Great to the experience of Dutch shipbuilders, experience, coupled with the enormous energy of the king, created in Russia for your stay in fleet.
"Goto Predestination","God's Providence" — the so-called Peter the great its first large ship of the line. It is the Providence of God happened, and Russia, according to Alexander Pushkin, went to Europe
"As a lowered ship
at the sound of the ax and thunder of guns”.

Part three. "...In this skulls pile – our red revenge»

So wrote the poet Anatoly Mariengof in 1919. The events that followed The October revolution led to the death of millions of Russian citizens, as the consolidation of the "conquest of the revolution" from the first day of the new government went on the path of massacres and executions. Lenin immediately said:" ... the notion of dictatorship of the proletariat means ... unlimited, no laws, no absolutely rules not constrained, directly based on violence power." It was Lenin who laid the foundations for a policy of lawlessness, violence and terror. Already in may 1918 he recommends "to carry out ruthless mass terror" (Lenin. Coll. CIT., 5-e Izd., p. 143-144), and on 5 September 1918 he published a decree of SNK of the Red Terror, signed with the Bonch-Bruevich, Petrovsky and Kursk. In addition to the instructions on mass executions, it proposed "to protect the Soviet Republic from class enemies by isolating them in concentration camps." ((Collection Of laws of the RSFSR in 1918 year № 65).

Bismarck once said that revolutions are conceived by geniuses, carried out by fanatics, and their fruits are used by nichtozhestva. The October revolution threw to the surface hundreds of thousands of nobodies that had a instead of conscience and honor the class intransigence and commitment to the chiefs, the same scum as they are. These uneducated people the profession was replaced by capacious concept – Bolshevik. Human life has ceased to be the highest value,justice was abolished, it was replaced by simple and clear as bayonet – "revolutionary expediency". Russia for many years was occupied by the Bolsheviks cannibals, fully confident in his right to injustice! Frenchman EV Bazho wrote from Petrograd in 1919: "... terror reigns here and applies, social freedom is enjoyed only by the Bolsheviks and sympathizers, arrested by all families, the elderly, women, children, prisons are overcrowded…»
Arrested hundreds of thousands, who, not proving guilt, shot, someone is not proving innocence, were released. Full legal occupation troops! Failure was considered as a crime against the revolution, directed and punished to the fullest extent of the laws of the revolutionary war time. The donation was declared a civic duty. One of the fanatical Dzerzhinsky became the head created 20.12.1917 of the year "punishing sword of the revolution" – the Cheka. This Commission was endowed with the right to shoot at will " KONTRA "and widely used this right, letting in the" expense " of hundreds of thousands of bright minds of Russia. "Iron Felix" recognized terror as the most effective means of asserting the dictatorship of the proletariat: "do not think that I will seek forms of revolutionary justice. Now justice is useless." He was echoed with braids smaller rank: "... we destroy the bourgeoisie as a class. Do not seek, as a result of materials and evidence that the accused acted in a case or word against the Soviets. The first question that you have to offer him – to what class he belongs, what is his origin, education or profession. These issues should determine the fate of the accused. This is the meaning and essence of red terror to blame than anything the KGB, not in the excessive jealousy of the executions, and the failure of the use of capital punishment...We were too soft, generous to a defeated enemy!"(November 1918. Martin Lacis-Sudrabs).
"May 1, 1919
Strictly secret
Chairman V. C. K. No. 13666/2 tov. Dzerzhinsky F. E.
INSTRUCTION
In accordance with the decision of V. C. I. K. and Owls. plank bed. commissioners must quickly do away with priests and religion.
Priests should be arrested as counterrevolutionaries and saboteurs, shot mercilessly and everywhere. And as much as possible.
Churches are subject to closure. The premises of temples should be locked and turned into warehouses.
Chairman V. C. I. K. Kalinin
Chairman Of The Owls. plank bed. Commissioners'
Ulyanov-Lenin)”
State the mass genocide and atrocities of the KGB – these "sanitation revolution" was called righteous vengeance of a once-oppressed people. It was a real war of extermination waged by the government against its own people. In the course of the campaigns of terror of the 20-30s, organized hunger and emancipation, the best part of the nation, its Golden gene pool, was destroyed.
Seeing the collapse, devastation, General anger, hunger, which dragged the country flaming revolutionaries, smart people in Russia did not believe in the implementation of the Communist program. They saw that relying on the most part of a purely ideological and irresponsible people is a cruel mistress over Russia suppressed all human freedom, saw Russia collapsing and impoverished people. Russian writer A. Amphitheatres in the letter to Lenin in the newspaper "Last news" from 03.09.1920: "... I would be boundless to you if You... opened my eyes...: is there a line between ideological communism and communism criminal. If there is, then where she. Do you realize that your idea has dissolved in Communist criminality, like a drop of vinegar in a glass of water, and if you do, how can you, a man of idea, put up with it?... If You do not proclaimed in Russia all kinds of freedoms, not Your Soviet police closed down all the Newspapers, arrested the meeting, shoot, oppress the worker, in chains work, reviving serfdom and the horrors of Arakcheyev barracks?"Lenin's reaction to the letter was not ... German philosopher E. Fromm, returning in the mid 30s from a trip to Russia, spoke about what he saw so:" you need to Treat the whole country!".
... On may 12, 1918 a "Kedrov train" passed through the North of Russia for the so-called "Soviet Audit" of Yaroslavl, Vologda and Arkhangelsk provinces, consisting of the head, a member of the Board of the VCHK M. S. Kedrov, 40 members of the "Audit" and 33 Latvian Riflemen. Guided by "class flair", "revolutionary necessity" and ruthlessness in eliminating "hostile elements of Soviet power", this "Audit"everywhere conducted searches, arrests and executions of" those who disagreed with the General line of the party". In February 1919 he was issued a special decree of the Central Executive Committee establishing a forced labor camp under the leadership of the Cheka, and the first head of the camps became M. S. Kedrov, by that time the Chairman of the Special Department of the Cheka and part-time member of the Board of the NKVD
And everywhere these camps were formed primarily in the monasteries, starting with Pertominsk, Arkhangelsk, Kholmogory, and Solovki in the North and Andronikov, Novospassky and Ivanovskoye in Moscow, strong walls and isolated location which immediately attracted the attention of security officers. With might and main there was an destruction of "reactionary clergy" as part of society. 8 November 1917, the Soviet government seized all monastic and Church lands. Then banned the activities of the local Council. Secret circular of the OGPU from February, 1923 lists in detail the parts of society from which to draw people doomed to physical DESTRUCTION:
These are POLITICAL PARTIES and ORGANIZATIONS, that is, all former members of pre-revolutionary political parties; all former members of monarchical unions and organizations; all former members of the Union of independent farmers, and also members of the Union of independent grain growers during the Central Rada in Ukraine; all former representatives of the old aristocracy and nobility; all nationalists of any shades.
And also THE staff of IMPERIAL ESTABLISHMENTS, that is, all employees of the former Ministry of internal Affairs; all staff of security office, police, gendarmerie and all their secret agents, all ranks of frontier guards, etc.; all staff of the former Ministry of justice: all members of district courts, judges, prosecutors of all ranks, justices of the peace, investigators, bailiffs, etc.; all without exception officers and non - commissioned officers of Imperial armies and Navy.
The SECRET enemies of the SOVIET REGIME recognized: all officers, noncommissioned officers, enlisted men of the White army, Petlyura compounds, various rebel units, actively fought with the Soviets (persons amnestied by the Soviet authorities, are no exception); all civilian employees of the Central and local bodies and departments of the white guard governments, the army, the Central Rada, Germanovsky administration, etc.; all religious leaders: bishops, priests of the Orthodox and Catholic churches, rabbis, deacons, monks and nuns, choirmasters, Church warden, all members of religious communities (all of them were subjected to particularly brutal violence: they were crucified on Church doors scalped, boiled in cauldrons of boiling tar, the communion of molten lead, in the winter, in their underwear, put on the stone and poured water on him – twenty years ahead of the Nazis, podergivani on the rope from the hole in the hole (*my mom is a witness to the White sea), immediately sank – during the years of Soviet power, more than 300 thousand Ministers of different faiths were killed); all former merchants, shop and shop owners, and later "nepman"; all former landowners, large tenants, rich peasants, who used hired power in the past; all former owners of industrial enterprises and workshops; all persons whose close relatives are in an illegal situation or continue armed resistance to the Soviet regime; all foreigners, regardless of nationality; all persons who have relatives and friends abroad; all scientists and specialists of the old school, especially those whose political orientation is not clarified.

City of the dead

With domes torn soul,
In mourning a great power,
Russia dies not by the knife,
From ideas, that splashing around bloody.
Vladimir Turapin.
On September 27, 1919, leaving from the North Russia, the British did not advise wealthy Archangelsk, especially from the "German Settlement", to stay. But the people said, "Not beasts of the Bolsheviks, you know that the blood will not go far, and who we need in the West." They were grossly mistaken. When, on February 19, 1920, the headquarters of the white army Miller hastily left Arkhangelsk on the icebreaker " Kozma Minin "and the yacht" Yaroslavna", then in crowded cabins, on decks, even in corridors could fit only a few hundred lucky: military command, the government and a small number of representatives of haves classes. Headed and supervised the evacuation and transfer of the detachment of the said vessels, rear Admiral Vilkitsky B. A., who also commanded the icebreaking steamer "Cosmas Minin" with a few hundred passengers (more than 800 soldiers and refugees, including General Miller), towing yacht "Yaroslavna", accompanied by the icebreaker "Canada" and having under his command on the way to Norway in the area of the Peninsula Rybachiy another ship "Kildin" and "Lomonosov", which came out with the same passengers from Murmansk. Breaking at the exit of the Arkhangelsk ice fields, the continued pursuit and pursuit with artillery fire from ships of the red fleet, a detachment of Admiral Vilkitsky 26.02.1920 entered the Fiord to the Norwegian port of Tromso. Russians were accepted as brothers. Later in the West were some of the prominent businessmen of the city, as Olsen M. A., J. A. belyaevskaya, and others. But thousands of people were left in a Bolshevik trap. On 21 February 1921 the Red Army entered Archangel. Began the executioners.

... In March 1920, the Plenipotentiary representative of the Cheka M. Kedrov (*1871 – 1.11.1941. Executed under the personal direction of Beria, who feared the revelations of the cedar. In 1953 M. Kedrov was rehabilitated), whose reputation as a brutal fanatic even more firmly established once again in Arkhangelsk.
On the ship "Sosnowiec" security officers at the head of the Cedar "reiseroute" first Kem, Solovki, Murmansk, prison Mudjug and Iokanga. Together with the Chairman of the Arkhangelsk Gubcheka N. Balakirev and his assistants V. Logowaniem and Rebekah Plastinina Cedars leads in the Northern region a truly Soviet system. Throughout the Arkhangelsk are feverish quarterly searches, from 18 to 20 April, conducted mass arrests of "dissidents" with the participation of more than 3,500 soldiers and just party activists. Overcrowded prison, open the second in the Seminary, officers and soldiers of the White army sent to Kholmogorsky concentration camp. Having gathered 1,200 officers in Arkhangelsk, Kedrov puts them on a barge and then opens fire on them. In the "news of the Arkhangelsk province Executive Committee" April 25, an article Kedrov "mass searches", which States that their purpose is to combat the effects of the intervention and liquidation of the surviving hotbeds of counter-revolution. Here is an example of this struggle: "the Detainee, kontrrewolucja Nera Papilova ordered to immediately shoot. On the execution to get to me. M. Cedars". (*Papilov Alexander – Arkhangelsk is the oldest social-Democrat; the vowel of the Arkhangelsk city Duma; Chairman of the provincial food Committee). By early September, the city was called "city of the dead", and the Kholmogory – "the burial place of Russian youth" where security officers-not people's mandate for a brain shot, even children of 8 -14 years.
Shot by the hundreds. In Kholmogory, on the Moss, in the poorhouse Bulycheva, rope factory of Edmund Jakovljevic Clapton (* cable car factory Clapton founded in 1780) is the angle of the Petersburg Avenue and assumption street). Shot usually in fives. People were stripped naked. Shot at the back of the head. Kill human needed one shot being fired. And so every night.
Not always killed at night. Square factory Cleftones shot day and the shooting is usually going to "watch" the mass surrounding the kids.
The systematic extermination of the bourgeoisie took place throughout the spring and summer of 1920. Sometimes there was also an investigation. But the conclusions of the investigators there is often resolution Kedrov: "the Seventh category!", which means a death sentence.
People are starting to understand the meaning of "proletarian revolution" which deprived the state of many lives, ruthlessly destroyed the plans and the old way of life. The Bolsheviks, who seized power in Russia by criminal means and held it by means of red Terror, mass repressions and physical destruction of millions of citizens on class grounds, impregnating society with poisonous ideas of class struggle, dictatorship of the proletariat, world revolution and violent atheism, incited one part of society to its other classes. Fierce, confident in the right to severely punish the so-called "enemies of the revolution" and "labor people", violence and terror-this largely determined then the subsequent history of the terrible Soviet 70th anniversary…
Well, M. S. Kedrov for ruthless struggle against counterrevolution was awarded the order of the red banner, the title of honorary Chekist for №52 and a valuable gift — requisitioned role, on which he was playing music before his arrest in 1939.
These crimes of the Bolsheviks comparable only repression of 1937 – 39. The major thing that affected a large group of residents of Arkhangelsk and the region, was a so-called “case of the Norwegian Consul A. Wiklund”, which appeared on the direct orders of the NKVD Yezhov for 00698 as of October 28, 1937. ” In order to suppress all counter-revolutionary, espionage, terrorist, sabotage activities in the territory of the USSR by the personnel of embassies and consulates “of a number of countries, the people's Commissar ordered his wards:”the use of widespread repression to suppress all relations between embassies and consulates of these countries with Soviet citizens, exposing the immediate arrest of all Soviet citizens associated with the personnel of these diplomatic missions."
The order of the junkie was executed. In a telegram to the regional office of the NKVD in Moscow from 24 November 1937 stated that “in the night of November 23, the operation relations of the Norwegian Consulate. 54 people were arrested during the operation.” In General, more than 60 citizens were accused of involvement in relations with the Norwegian Consulate. Along with a Professor of the forestry Institute V. I. Lebedev, employee of the Executive Committee, by S. P. Puzyrev, E. A. and I. V. Zhilinskii, the son of a businessman M. Olsen Michael Martinovic, known the shipowner I. By surkovym, in the case were Elsa Brunovna PEC, Lydia Nikolaevna Kramarenko, Boris ye Shergold and Edward Gernet, Hermann Wilhelminischen and his son Herman, Alexander Meyer, brothers Victor and Anatoly Brautigam, Boris and George Witty, Arkady and Ivan Almaty, sons of the former mayor, a famous Russian photographer Jacob Lazinger Vyacheslav and Arkady, and many others. All of them were accused of espionage, the vast majority of them were shot or trampled in the cellars of the NKVD.

With the stigma of " English spy»

My grandfather, Koshev Yakov Dmitrievich, the former priest Kondinskogo the arrival of the Murmansk region, and then a teacher, accountant, chief accountant Prionezhsky salespractice was arrested August 8, 1938. To the house No. 40 down the street Krasnoarmeyskaya late at night, spraying pools, rolled up "funnels" with a dress of NKVD. Taking understood uncle Misha Gorshkov and Ivan Ivanov, not wiping his boots, entered the armed men in the open to a rough knock door apartment № 21. Detective Maksimov presented in his grandfather order No. 22 on search and seizure.
Long servicemen "was looking for what I laid not down," he searched the whole apartment in search of incriminating evidence. Finding nothing, apparently as evidence, grabbed the gun of the Central battle No. 62713, a Berdan rifle of 16 caliber, all the ammo, hunting knife Finnish and most of the arrested and took him to the torture house at the Stone forest in Petrozavodsk.
Everything was unexpected that there could gather grandma with shaking hands, he in the road — a change of clothes, a bar of soap, some food. But I think the arrest of the NKVD was predetermined: the graph in the questionnaire, where the grandfather wrote: "the servant of a religious cult before 1920" and "appropriate" biography has been included in the record of a terrible office. After 1917, the person could live until 1938, but the lists of suspicious were made, the turn was — it was called "recreational work of the NKVD." News about executions of relatives, about the monasteries filled with priests, merchants, officers of Imperial army, about unloading of prisons executions quickly reached Kemi and Kovda (on the White sea some 400 versts from Arkhangelsk). Four children were then Unknown D. J. — who will rise?! And in the same 1920, at the General meeting of the village of Kovda grandfather announced the lifting of the priesthood. And this same congregation invited him to become a teacher in the newly opened school in Lesozavod №45. The seer was Yakov Dmitriyevich! Soon the neighboring Solovki flowed to death thousands of prisoners – color of Russia through the infamous Kemperpunkta (Kem forwarding station). A favorite pastime of the Solovetsky security officers became "skating with Sekirnaya mountain." The guilty prisoner was tied to a log and pushed down the stairs. While a person counts 365 steps with ribs, a piece of raw meat arrives on a log to the foot of the Sekirka. And metastasis of Solovki concentration camps spread throughout Russia, and the population has become essentially hostage to Sekirnaya mountain.
Well, August 9, 1938 on Stone bir Kosevo Ya. d. on the first interrogation immediately was charged with spying for British intelligence, why the grandfather did not expect (the warrant was signed by the head of the anti-corruption squad, URCM NKVD. ml Lieutenant Skvortsov GB): "You working all the time well, but you were disguised. Make a statement about relations with the British and tell us about correspondence with them." My grandfather answered that the relations were not recruited was not, and on the advice of his parishioners, the managing Director Rusanovskoye sawmill in the village of Kovda Evseeva A. P. wrote in a 1919 letter to the PE Department of counterintelligence of the army of Miller, which stated that the ideas of Bolshevism, he does not sympathize with them and not preach, and the Church speaks only about the preservation of religion and the maintenance of it. This Koshev Y. D. as to show their loyalty to the white government.
Investigators Anokhin, Shebekino, Terekhov this answer did not like. The middle of 1938 is the most brutal time of interrogation, torture was allowed to investigators indefinitely. To the grandfather applied "the investigative conveyor": 7 days in a row it continuously interrogated replaceable investigators. Three days he stood, then barely sitting on a stool, and leaning against the wall was not allowed, immediately hit with a boot on the Shin or head against the wall. She was beaten across the knuckles with the edge line of the ribs on the teeth. Some teeth have a grandfather still knocked out (but Gennady Kupriyanov, Secretary of the Karelian regional Committee of the CPSU(b) result in 1949году was knocked out all his teeth, so Golden teeth he was given a certificate that is taken on storage). Grandfather did not give to eat and drink, and most importantly — to sleep. "You're not honest about your testimony, so you're not allowed to sleep," investigators said.
Unprepared for torture, a person brought by this method ("stabbing days in a row") to an insane state, forgets that he has a family, forgets the names of his wife and children, he already wants to cut off with an ax, if only the end. While the prisoner is shocked, investigators are trying to get irreparable testimony from him. And the questions Kosevo J. D. the same: "How have you been recruited by British intelligence, who were your resident with mi, as I contacted them, what information they conveyed what they received, who are suspicious in prionezhskiy salespromoting?»
Former Commissar of the NKVD. Stepan Tarasovich, Matuzenko himself in 1939, executed as an "English spy", showed: "... the investigative work was drawn through party organizations civil members of the party, never had to deal with the investigation and forced them by any means of reprisals to give evidence <...> No checking readings on confrontations were not carried out, evidence is often absent." Having worked with a fist and a throat in the first shock week, investigators beat out at Ya.d. Koshev's recognition that he is a spy and the wrecker. In Germany, the Gestapo, just tortured people in those days, but there tried to knock out the prisoner of the truth, the NKVD knocked out only personal recognition in accordance with the teachings of the Prosecutor General of the USSR Andrei Vyshinsky.
At the last interrogation the Sergeant GB I. Terekhov grandfather found the courage to declare that pleads not guilty and demanded a confrontation with the "resident" Bicakova A. M., by Derevyagin V. M. and V. I. Yushkov, but the COP just laughed, it was something done, recognition — torn. Followed approved by the people's Commissar of Matuzenko Ordinance Sergeant GB Terekhov and the chief of Department 3, UGB NKVD Lieutenant Antonov: "... on the autopsy of the Unknown when J. D. with British intelligence (article 58-6) and caught him in carrying out subversive activities in the system of lespromtorg Karelia (article 58-7)".
And here's Case No. 0037, decorated with beautiful handwriting of the investigator I. Terekhov, 15.04.1939 "landscape right" (the"album" is collected together a few cases on the 58th article) was sent to Moscow for consideration of the Special Meeting. I have read personal testimonies on the Unknown D. J. nasty paper written in jagged handwriting mortally tired man. Think grandfather was very lucky that he was not judged by the then NKVD Troika. in structure: the Chairman—of the NKVD Colonel, Matuzenko; member—Secretary of Karelian regional Committee of the CPSU(b) Kupriyanov, and the Prosecutor of the Karelian ASSR, the Michael HIV. In this " Troika "for a short period from July 28 to November 10, 1938 on 2550 considered cases had 2262 execution sentences," spies " – (Art. 58-6) they were sentenced exclusively to execution; they are all shot and buried in the Sands of Krasny Bor near Petrozavodsk. (*Shot lists we have, as the list of "performers", that is, those executioners of the NKVD, who killed in the head of innocent people).
And S. T., Matuzenko may 25, 1939, he confessed spying for British intelligence (article 58-6), "hung" him another article 58-1B (high treason) and article 58-11 (organization of the spy ring). Of course, many readings of the former Commissar was also received "physical methods of influence", but in 1956, the Prosecutor's office refused to review his case: "... Matusenko for the criminal activities of convicted right." G. N. Kupriyanov during the investigation showed the article 58-1A (treason), article 58-7 (sabotage), article 58-10 (anti-Soviet agitation) and article 58-11 (organization group). In 1954 he was left an article 58-10, and in 1956 Kupriyanov G. N. first pardoned (but not rehabilitated — "... for gross violations of socialist legality..."), and then rehabilitated, in my opinion — in vain. The Prosecutor of Karelia G. S. M. lucky — in 1939, he was simply removed from office and departed from the Republic.
The investigator of my grandfather Sergeant GB I. Terekhov, participant of falsifications and executions, from October 6, 1937 to October 14, 1938 personally shot 182 "enemy of the people". Reporting to the people's Commissar about execution of sentences, I. Terekhov each time beautiful handwriting wrote the same phrase: "... made destruction of people by execution of the following persons..." its destiny is still unknown to me.
15 months after the torture dungeon for the Stone forest and to the sentence of the Special Meeting Koshev Y. D. spent in prison: the overcrowding, the dirt, the stench, stool, arrogant thieves, bedbugs...VA cloud, by night a constant electric light in the eye, and most importantly, a mandrel (abstraction under escort to the bathroom) only 2 times a day is worse than any torture (those who have been in Petrozavodsk prison, he understands).
And here is an extract from the Protocol No. 29 of the Special Meeting at people's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR from 5.09.1939. Listened:
"463. Case No. 00371 of the Karelian ASSR, on charges of Koshev Yakov Dmitrievich, born in 1892, a native of der. Semenovskaya Bachatskogo district, Northern Territory, g-n of the USSR, non-partisan.
Resolved: Unknown Yakov Dmitrievich as a socially dangerous element — to enter into a forced labor camp for a term of Five years, counting the period from 9th August 1938. The thing to hand over in archive.
Nach. The Secretariat of the Special Meeting at people's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR /Ivanov/»
The decision of the CCA could not be appealed. "Well, this is a Parasha is possible to serve" — said the prisoners grandfather, although each time seems excessive.
Well, the next stage in the "Stolypin" through shipment in Batlag "reformation" in the ideological Builder of socialism.
(*for reference: Vyatskaya boot camp was stationed in the Kirov region, Ciscom district, p/o Valenica. Production-logging, woodworking, production of sleepers, the construction of a pulp mill. The number of 1.01.1939 year was 20 164 people.)
we fished a lot with my grandfather and Onego, and on Conctere and Padozero. So much he told me not to forget the rest of your life.

10 years and 5 "of the muzzle»

This term (10 years of camps and 5 years of deprivation of political and civil rights, mainly electoral rights, which was then considered the most important element of civil liberty) was received in July 1949 by my uncle Koshev Konstantin Yakovlevich under article 58-10 for agitation against Soviet power. A native of the village of Podujatie, Kemsky district, he had an independent character, and in the social origin of the questionnaire record — "family of a Minister of a religious cult". This entry and determined its fate.
After a seven-year period studied the coast in the workers ' Murmansk commercial Institute, but was expelled just for "social origin". Go back to Kovu, worked as a fisherman, then a mechanic. From 1935 to 1949 he was the minder of the Petrozavodsk fish factory, with interruptions for service in the red army and the great Patriotic war from 12 July 1941 to December 1945. Fought in the Northern fleet mechanic on a submarine. Burned and sank in the Barents sea. In the last battle killed the entire crew, one uncle Kostya long time spent in ice water. In order not to suffer from the wild cold, gradually turning into an ice cream corpse, floating food for seagulls, he wanted to dive to the bottom, but could not — his hands crawled to the lifebuoy, and then his arrived. Frost damage of hands and feet amputated is not given: "Better to die than to be a samovar with krantik!"Humor not lost even on the edge of life. Gradually life returned to limbs, but health was completely undermined, and the rest of the war uncle Kostya stayed on the island Kil'din, earning for war a stomach ulcer, diseased liver and only two medals — count in the questionnaire were taken into account and at the front.
Written off as unnecessary returned Konstantin Yakovlevich on the fish a totally different person — a sobering and not open-minded, have an opinion on any question and not afraid to Express it. In conversations "for life" he spoke sharply about the war, about the country, the price drops fool's day the first of April, when cheaper cigarettes for a penny, haberdashery on a dime, and Opera glasses as much as 40 %(!), about the "owner" (I. Stalin). Followed by a denunciation of "where necessary". And after the war, the "funnels" continuously poked through the streets of the city, and the enkavedeshniki restlessly, on the host knocked and rang the doorbell. In Karelia, more than 700 agents and informers of the NKVD collected various rumors. But many times more had the NKVD volunteers – informers. In 1929, a Leningrad writer M. Coumandin wrote: "the Denunciation? We are not afraid of words. For us, the cause behind this word is more important. To expose the alien, hostile to the tendency to identify the enemy and to strike a counterrevolutionary, but this is the honorable duty to face the working class!»
23 Jun 1949 at 23:00 "funnels" wrapped in poselok Petushki, No. 2. Three NKVD Reidman E. D., Saltykov P. V. and Alekseev, A. E., broke into room Unknown Konstantin Yakovlevich, showed him the warrant No. 51012 for the production of search and seizure authorized by the Attorney KFSSR adviser of justice of II class AA Virolainen. Frightened witnesses Silvennoinen V. P. and K. I. Salassa clung to the side. Not finding during the search of anti-Soviet literature and other material evidence, "funnels" with the prisoner had served at the following address: internal prison of the NKVD KFSSR, Petrozavodsk, ul. Komsomolskaya, 5.
On interrogation at the investigator Urlaeva uncle did not deny that in conversations with his friends on his side sounded sharp remarks about foreign and domestic policy of the CPSU(b), of the Soviet Government and personally to the leader of the Soviet people. But no agitation in these statements was not, especially there was no hostile intent, only criticism!
"Odnako" and on the court together comrades drowned Konstantin Yakovlevich, the race laying different points in their intimate conversations in the Smoking room. It is significant as a witness to Secure M. J. held a propaganda event in mehaha fish. Read it "Appeal of the Leningrad workers on the fulfillment of production plans." After the report of locksmith pots (the smart one) said that the Treatment he endorses and is committed to exceed their production targets. The motorist yunin Pavel Antonovich, playing to the speaker (had on this installation of bodies) told that at first it would be necessary to create conditions for workers. After him Koshev K. I. declared: "... before demanding from the worker, it is necessary to create to it conditions, and that someone eats in three throats, and someone at this time starves, and there is nothing to read us these addresses, and it is necessary to create conditions…»
At trial, the Prosecutor Vinogradov with pathos delivered his angry speech, saying that the campaign is an attempt to prepare a mood that, in future, to prepare the overthrow of the regime, and demanded to appoint his 10 years with confiscation of property according to article 58-10 part I.
Lawyer Krivosheina mostly defended itself, saying that the interests of the country it is also the road, as any Soviet person, and as a true patriot, she can not but feel disgust and indignation in the analysis of this case.
And the court entirely subordinate to the NKVD, knows in advance what the verdict desired.
And here is the Verdict:
"23.06.1949 year were arrested for anti-Soviet activities Koshev Konstantin Yakovlevich... being hostile to Soviet power, for a number of years, he systematically conducted among the workers of Petrozavodsk fish factory anti-Soviet agitation, trivialize Soviet reality, expressed calumnies at the heads of state and dissatisfaction they held events... Koshev said that in the USSR there is no democracy and all the people from the bottom up under the authority of the chief, and he is not subordinate to anyone that American technology is much better than the Soviet, what farms should be put to the leadership of wealthy farmers, that the price reduction is not in the interests of the working class; and slandered living conditions of the workers in the USSR…
Guided by article 319-326 CPC, the court Sentenced: Unknown Konstantin Yakovlevich according to article 58-10 part I of the RSFSR criminal code to subject to imprisonment for a period of ten (10) years from the defeat of his rights, stipulated by letters "a" and "b" of article 31 of the criminal code for a period of five (5) years... the Verdict is final and in a cassation order is not subject to appeal.
Chairman-Korzhitsky. Assessors-Pronina, Moshnikova".
Then the investigator, captain GB Orloev, having considered the materials of the investigation file No. 1670, charged under article 58-10 in the paint, "anti-Soviet" Unknown K. J. decided: "after the sentence comes into force, to send Unknown K. Y. to serve his sentence in the General prison camp", where uncle Kostya and spent more than five years: Nadvoitsy, Sosnovets, Bear mountain…
Stress and poor camp nutrition affected war-torn health. Rare parcels from home it is unlikely that there could help. Remember packing a parcel for uncle like it was dried for him on the stove the cigarette, "Red star"... In 1963, the commandant of the residential zone TL 2201 article Nadvoitsy old security officer major Baranov in conversation with me, recalled Konstantin Yakovlevich: "... the coast Koshev was a mechanic in Sosnowiec. All was messing with their glands. Go to lunch or to eat to gather, and he can not break away from them. Slogger!"Uncle picked up somewhere else and hepatitis while in the hospital in Medgora with a sick stomach... And then, after the arrest of Beria, began to review the cases under article 58.
And here, Resolution No. 11/14 Secret
Of the Presidium of the Supreme Court of KFSSR 13 October 1954
It is issued under the chairmanship of acting Chairman of the Supreme Court of KFSSR Sharov with participation of Deputy. Prosecutor KFSSR Tsukanov:
"... Deputy Prosecutor General of the USSR D. Salin made a protest to the Presidium of the Supreme Court of KFSSR, which asks the Verdict of the Supreme Court of KFSSR from 20.08.1949 year relative Unknown Konstantin Yakovlevich cancel and the thing about it production ceased behind absence in its actions of structure of a crime. The verdict is subject to cancellation on the following grounds: the facts of anti-Soviet statements Unknown K. Ya., committed by them in the circumstances which show the witnesses Secure, Baryshnikov, Matyushkin and others do not give grounds for the conclusion that Koshev K. Ya. in these cases, he acted with counter-revolutionary intent, and on the objective side they do not contain a call for the weakening of Soviet power. Other objective data on Koshiv K. Y. show that he is not anti-Soviet minded person. With 15 years Koshev K. Ya. began his career, in 1938-1939 he served in the red army, in 19411945 participated in the Patriotic war, was awarded. After demobilization from the army he began to work at the Petrozavodsk fish factory, on the production work was characterized positively.
Agreeing with the protest of the Prosecutor, the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the KFSSR
Held: the Verdict of the Supreme Court of KFSSR from 20 August 1949 to CANCEL and charges Unknown K. Y. According to article 58-10 (part 1) of the criminal code of the RSFSR in the absence of his actions constitute a crime production ceased. Koshev Konstantin Yakovlevich from-under guards to release. Chairman-Balls. Secretary — Krasnovskaya".
25 Oct uncle Kostya was released. He returned to Petrozavodsk very sick and soon died at our hands. In polyclinic #1 doctor Maksimenko shrugged it off: "Simult!"It is evident, of course, was that the man from prison, skinny, short hair, and his eyes were yellow where she was looking when prescribed activated charcoal (lay then these pills are in the barn). And when another doctor-Ivanov sent Konstantin Yakovlevich to take tests, it was too late – bile spilled. How he suffered, how is that possible? Yes, in the same zekovskoy the hospital in Medgora attitude to patients by medical staff has always been much better.
Left after uncle no family, no kids, no documents (he had them burned in the heat, when the ambulance did not come, and the pain was unbearable), only the investigative case No. 1670 in the archives of the FSB, and in it the sailor's owner and two certificates medals "For defense of polar region" and "For Victory over Germany". But they are more precious to our family than any order iconostasis.

APPENDIX 5. From Heinrich Meyer – background Altza.
I St. Petersburg und Arcbangel.
Mit der Einwanderung des Jan Poel nach Russland wurden, wie es scheint, die Verbindungen nach Holland abgebrochen. Spater noch lebte nur ein Urenkel Jan Роеls wieder in Holland, namlich Wilhelm Poel. Mit welchen Argchorigen Jan nach Russland kam, steht nicht fest. Sein Sonn Jacobus war jedenfalls noch 1712 in Holland geboren worden. In vier Generationen haben Angehorige der Familie Poel (Nunmehr diese Schreibweise !) enge Beziehungen zum russischen Reich gehabt. Sie brachten es zu Ansehen, Reichtum und zum Teil honen Hofamtern und gehorten, soweit sie solche innehatren, dem sog. Dienstadel an. Rechtlich waren sie russische Untertanen; tatsachlich hatten sie als Angehorige der hollandischen Kolonie und der evangelisch-reformierten Kirche einen besonderen Status. Personliche Beziehungen zur Zarenfamilie und Heiraten mit Tochtern einflussreicher und vermogender Familien (z.B. van Briennen und Baron Stieglitz) sicherten ihre Zugehorigkeit zur Oberschicht.
vgl. 1) Amburger, Die van Brienen .... 2)Gustav Poel, Bilder aus vergangener Zeit-Band I, Piter Bilder aus seiner Preunde Poels und Leben, Hamburg 1884. II, Karl Sievekings Bilder aus Leben, Hamburg 1887. 3) Mitteilung des Deutschen Adelsarchivs. Die russischen nachfolgenden Daten entsprechen in der Regel dem alten Stil.
Jan Pool. Zar Peter nahm Jan Poel mit offenen Armenia in St.Petersburg auf. Jan wirkte dort als Zimmermeister, er baute Schiffe und Muhlen. Jan und seine Ehefrau vor 1762 verstorben sind. Map weiss nur von seiner Kinder dreien.
1 N. N. Poel, Vorname nicht ermittelt. Sie heiratete einen russischen stehenden Diensten in dem Namen nach bekannten nicht Obersten. Die Familie zog in die Ukraine. Naheres ist nicht bekannt.
2 Wendelina Poel. Sterbedaten Geburts und nicht bekannt. Verheiratet mit dem weitverzweigten St.Galler Gescnlecht der Zollikofer entstammenden Kaufmann in St.Petersburg Johann Kasper Zollikofer. Er war wohl uber Russland gekommen nach Holland, Jan nannte sich zur Gesellschaft und gehorte der hollandischen Kaufleute. Zollikofer ist schon 1722 in St.Petersburg nachzuweisen. 1738 ist er Bevollmachtigter des preussischen Schweier Kaufmannss una Konsuls Ulrich Kuhn. Zwei Tochter: (a) Johanna, geboren St.Petersburg 1.November, getauft 6. November 1723. (b) Wendelina, verheiratet mit Johann Furst in Archangel, zahlreiche Nachkommen (vgl.Stammlisten bei Amburger, Die van Brienen...) V3 Jacobus Poel. Geboren in Holland 1712 (Geburtsta